The paper is devoted to highlighting the potential application of the quantitative imaging technique through results associated with work hardening, strain rate and heat generated during elastic and plastic deformation. The aim of the research presented in this article is to determine the relationship between deformation in the uniaxial tensile test of samples made of 1-mm-thick nickel-based superalloys and their change in temperature during deformation. The relationship between yield stress and the Taylor–Quinney coefficient and their change with the strain rate were determined. The research material was 1-mm-thick sheets of three grades of Inconel alloys: 625 HX and 718. The Aramis (GOM GmbH, a company of the ZEISS Group) measurement system and high-sensitivity infrared thermal imaging camera were used for the tests. The uniaxial tensile tests were carried out at three different strain rates. A clear tendency to increase the sample temperature with an increase in the strain rate was observed. This conclusion applies to all materials and directions of sample cutting investigated with respect to the sheet-rolling direction. An almost linear correlation was found between the percent strain and the value of the maximum surface temperature of the specimens. The method used is helpful in assessing the extent of homogeneity of the strain and the material effort during its deformation based on the measurement of the surface temperature.

This article presents a study on the effect of strain rate, specimen orientation, and plastic strain on the value and distribution of the temperature of dog-bone 1 mm-thick specimens during their deformation in uniaxial tensile tests. Full-field image correlation and infrared thermography techniques were used. A titanium-stabilised austenitic 321 stainless steel was used as test materials. The dog-bone specimens used for uniaxial tensile tests were cut along the sheet metal rolling direction and three strain rates were considered: 4 × 10−3 s−1, 8 × 10−3 s−1 and 16 × 10−3 s−1. It was found that increasing the strain rate resulted in the intensification of heat generation. High-quality regression models (Ra > 0.9) developed for the austenitic 321 steel revealed that sample orientation does not play a significant role in the heat generation when the sample is plastically deformed. It was found that at the moment of formation of a necking at the highest strain rate, the maximum sample temperature increased more than four times compared to the initial temperature. A synergistic effect of the strain hardening exponent and yield stress revealed that heat is generated more rapidly towards small values of strain hardening exponent and yield stress.

The extrusion of hollow profiles from hard-deformable AlZnMg alloys by using porthole dies encounters great technological difficulties in practice. High extrusion force accompanies the technological process, which is caused by high deformation resistance and high friction resistance in extrusion conditions. As a result of high thermo-mechanical loads affecting the die, a significant loss of dimensional accuracy of extruded profiles can be observed. The different projects of porthole dies for the extrusion of Ø50 × 2 mm tubes from the 7021 alloy were numerically calculated and then tested in industrial conditions by using a press of 25 MN capacity equipped with a container with a diameter of 7 inches (for 7021 alloy and 6082 alloy for comparison). New extrusion die 3 with modified bridge and mandrel geometry and a special radial–convex entry to the die opening was proposed. FEM was applied to analyse the metal flow during extrusion, geometrical stability of extruded tubes and the die deflection. The photogrammetric measuring method was used to evaluate dimensional accuracy of tubes extruded in different conditions and geometrical deviations in porthole dies elements, especially the bridges and the mandrels. Research revealed a high dimensional accuracy of tubes extruded from the 6082 alloy and from the 7021 alloy by using original extrusion die 3, while much higher dimensional deviations were noted for tubes extruded from the 7021 alloy by using extrusion dies 1 and 2, particularly in relation to the circularity, centricity and wall thickness.

Spawanie zbiornika bezciśnieniowego do magazynowania oleju opałowego welding of non-pressure vessel for heating oil storage Dr hab. inż. Jacek Słania, prof. PCz-Politechnika Częstochowska, mgr inż. Maciej Balcerzak-Urząd Dozoru Technicznego Oddział w Łodzi. Streszczenie montaż i spawanie zbiornika bezciśnieniowego o pojemności użytkowej V = 250 m 3 przeznaczonego do magazynowania oleju opałowego. Omówiono budowę zbiornika, materiały podstawowe i dodatkowe do spawania, kwalifikacje spawaczy, badania nieniszczące złączy spawanych oraz wymagania odbiorowe. Przedstawiono badania szczelności poszczególnych elementów zbiornika oraz próbę wodną wytrzymałościową.

This paper presents frustum cone drawpiece analysis made of titanium CP2 sheet by a single incremental sheet forming. Central composite design has been adopted to carry out an experiment containing 20 runs, then multi-criteria parameter optimization has been done. Optimal parameters have been validated and responses deviations do not exceed 4% compared to created models. For the drawpiece formed with optimal parameters, AGRUS optical measurement and X-ray tomography has been applied to check the obtained of the part wall thickness and general deviations compared to the CAD model. The wall angle discrepancy of the cone generatrix has also been analyzed. No gaps or ruptures have been confirmed by X-ray. The blank rolling direction has a significant effect on the drawpiece deviations. The measurement results showed deviations of the drawpiece wall angle +0.27°/- 0.06°, sheet thickness on the cone +0.012/-0.04 mm and +0.151/-0.096 mm from the reference CAD geometry.