Total Quality Management (TQM), a core strategic management approach is designed for quality of any organization (healthcare) based on the employer and employees’ participation for customers’ satisfaction, organization’s effectiveness, competitiveness and flexibility. The study aimed at evaluating the implementation of TQM and its impact on employees’ performance in a tertiary-level teaching hospital in Oyo State, Nigeria. A descriptive cross-sectional study design was adopted, with designed questionnaires circulated to hospital staff using a random sampling method. A total of 106 healthcare workers completed the questionnaires. The data were collected using a structured questionnaire, which were statistically analyzed using SPSS version 17. The results of the study revealed that the implementation of the principles of TQM practices ranges from leadership to employees’ satisfaction. Financial and political pressures were found to be important external factors affecting employees’ performance in the particular hospital. These findings could give better understanding on the improvement and promotion of total quality management practices and its impact on employees’ performance in the healthcare organizations, improve effectiveness, productivity, profitability and flexibility of the hospital facilities and services provided to patients/clients.
Background of study: The study aimed to assess perception and awareness of health policy actors on malaria vaccine policy implementation in Nigeria. A descriptive study was conducted to assess opinions and perception of policy actors on implementation of a vaccine program against malaria in Nigeria. Descriptive statistics were carried out to study the characteristics of the population and the univariate analysis of the responses to the questions raised to the participants. Multinomial logistic regression was conducted to evaluate the association between demographic characteristics and the responses. Results: The study revealed that the malaria vaccine awareness was poor with only 48.9% of the policy actors who have previous knowledge of malaria vaccine. Majority of participants (67.8%) declared that they are aware of the importance of vaccine policy in the efforts on tackling the diseases transmission. The more the year of work experience of the participants increases, the odds of being more likely to be aware of the malaria vaccine increases [OR 2.491 (1.183–5.250), p-value < 0.05]. Conclusion: It is recommended that policy makers develop methods of educating populations and increase the awareness on the acceptability of the vaccine and ensure that an affordable malaria vaccine program is implemented in the population.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk of COVID-19 in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients, the cost burden of the COVID-19 pandemic on the management of ESRD and the cost of catheter infections. In this multicentre, retrospective study, data were obtained from the records of four dialysis centres providing care for ESRD patients in Northern Cyprus. Of the 358 ESRD patients that were receiving haemodialysis (HD) 13 were diagnosed with COVID-19. The average cost of HD treatment per patient was $4822.65 in 2019 and $3759.45 in 2020 (p ≤ 0.001). The average control cost of HD treatment per patient was $618.80 in 2019 and $474.03 in 2020 (p ≤ 0.001). The outpatient treatment costs of catheter infections were not significantly different in 2019 (before) compared to 2020 (after) the pandemic ($54.61 in 2019 compared to $54.74 in 2020, p = 0.793). However, the inpatient treatment costs were significantly greater before the pandemic compared to after the pandemic ($315.33 in 2019 compared to $121.03 in 2020, p = 0.015). The costs for monitoring COVID-19 transmission in patients having ESRD management were significantly higher in HD compared to in peritoneal dialysis (PD) and transplants. Since there is a high risk of transmission of infections in the hospital environment during a pandemic, it is important to implement alternative ESRD management methods, such as enhancing transplants in populations, switching to PD, and implementing home dialysis programmes to reduce the risk of infection and associated complications, as well as the health costs associated with infection monitoring.
Despite government efforts, many rural Pakistani women forgo regular antenatal visits, are unprepared for birth, and deliver at home or in private facilities, because they are dissatisfied with public health services. This study examined pregnant women’s perceptions of public health hospital prenatal care to suggest areas for improvement. Using simple random sampling, 200 pregnant women visiting a secondary care public health facility in Sargodha District, Pakistan, were enrolled in a cross-sectional study. The quality of prenatal care was assessed using a structured and validated questionnaire. Descriptive analysis and multivariate linear regression stepwise models were used. Of participants, 52% consider the services to be of poor quality. Education, income, number of living children, and long waiting time influenced the perceived prenatal care quality in the study population. Stakeholders rated existing services as suboptimal, especially in terms of staff availability and time spent, which reduces service use. Facility managers and policymakers should work to improve the quality of services to satisfy patients, encourage them to use antenatal care, and improve the health of both mother and child, especially in rural areas.
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