Mastitis is a complex disease resulting from the interaction between the agent, animal, and environment, and is in most cases associated with the presence of microorganisms. It constitutes an important animal and public health problem, with worldwide economic repercussions. This literature review aimed to present the most recent studies on mastitis in goats and sheep, updating etiology, epidemiology, diagnosis, control, and prevention. Prevalence varies between 5 and 30% to subclinical mastitis, but staphylococcal mastitis is the major cause of intramammary infections in small ruminants. The Staphylococcus aureus is the main zoonotic pathogen, leading to the need to implement control programs in dairy farms. The methods of diagnosis, prevention, and management need standardization and are discussed in this article.