Adenosine diphosphate ribosylation (ADP-ribosylation) is a widely occurring post-translational modification of proteins at nucleophilic side chains of amino acid residues, such as asparagine, glutamic acid, and arginine. Elucidation of the biological role of ADP-ribosylation events would benefit from the availability of well-defined ADP-ribosylated peptides. Main issues in the construction of synthetic ADP-ribosylated peptides involve the availability of protected ribosylated amino acids suitable for peptide synthesis, development of a protective group strategy for peptide fragments compatible with the integrity of the adenosine diphosphate moiety, and an efficient procedure for pyrophosphate formation. In this paper we present a first approach to the chemical synthesis of ADP-ribosylated peptides in solution and on solid support. We describe an efficient synthesis of suitably protected ribosylated asparagine and glutamine building blocks suitable for Fmoc-based peptide synthesis. We further demonstrate a successful application of these ribosylated amino acids in the assembly of three fully synthetic ADP-ribosylated peptides by solution and solid phase approaches.

A one-pot procedure for the preparation of phosphoramidates, phosphorothioates, pyrophosphates, phosphodiesters, and phosphofluoridates has been devised using di(p-methoxybenzyl)-N,N-diisopropylphosphoramidite as the common phosphitylating reagent.

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