SummaryIn the recent years, significant developments in the electric batteries have made them one of the most promising storage technologies for electrical energy. Among the various rechargeable batteries that are developed, lithium ion batteries stand out due to their capability of storing more energy per unit mass, low discharge rate, low weight, and lack of a memory effect. The advantages that batteries offer have promoted the development of the electric and hybrid electric vehicles. However, during charging and discharging processes, batteries generate heat. If this heat is not removed quickly, the battery temperature will rise, resulting in safety concerns and performance degradation. Thermal management systems are developed to maintain the temperature of the battery within the optimum operation range. This review paper focuses on novel battery thermal management systems (BTMSs). Air, liquid, phase change material, and pool-based BTMSs are considered. Air-based thermal management systems are discussed first. Liquid cooling systems and phase change-based systems are discussed subsequently, and then the recently proposed evaporating pool-based thermal management system is considered.

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SummaryAn integrated system for compressed hydrogen and electrical power production based on a Generation IV nuclear reactor (a lead-cooled reactor) is proposed.The hydrogen is produced by the integrated system through a hybrid thermochemical and electrical water decomposition cycle. The water decomposition cycle is based on copper and chlorine compounds and decomposes water through four main steps. The electrical power is produced by the Rankine cycle, which also contributes to cooling the compressed hydrogen between the compression stages as well as providing the electrical power required by the electrolysis step in the water decomposition cycle. In the proposed system, a heat recovery network is incorporated within the water decomposition cycle so that only the hydrolysis and the oxygen production reactors in the cycle receive thermal energy from the lead-cooled nuclear reactor. The integrated system is modeled and simulated by using engineering process simulation software (Aspen Plus). The performance of the integrated system is assessed with energy and exergy analyses, and the overall energy and exergy efficiencies are found to be 25.4% and 40.6%, respectively. The integrated system produces 3.45 g/s of compressed hydrogen ready for shipping and 467.2 kW of electrical power.KEYWORDS copper-chlorine cycle, energy, exergy, hydrogen production, lead cooled fast reactor, thermochemical cycle Nomenclature: c p , specific heat capacity at constant pressure (kJ/kg K); ex, specific exergy (kJ/kg); _ Ex, exergy rate (kW); h, specific enthalpy (kJ/kg); _ m, mass flow rate (kg/s); P, pressure (kPa); _ Q, heat rate (kW); R, universal gas constant (kJ/mol K); s, specific entropy (kJ/kg K); T, temperature (°C); _ W, work rate (kW)

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