Deciphering the virulence factors, regulation, and immune response to Acinetobacter baumannii infectionAcinetobacter baumannii is a gram-negative multidrug-resistant nosocomial pathogen and a major cause of hospital acquired infetions. Carbapenem resistant A. baumannii has been categorised as a Priority1 critial pathogen by the World Health Organisation. A. baumannii is responsible for infections in hospital settings, clinical sectors, ventilator-associated pneumonia, and bloodstream infections with a mortality rates up to 35%. With the development of advanced genome sequencing, molecular mechanisms of manipulating bacterial genomes, and animal infection studies, it has become more convenient to identify the factors that play a major role in A. baumannii infection and its persistence. In the present review, we have explored the mechanism of infection, virulence factors, and various other factors associated with the pathogenesis of this organism. Additionally, the role of the innate and adaptive immune response, and the current progress in the development of innovative strategies to combat this multidrug-resistant pathogen is also discussed.
National folk music has different styles, has extremely strong regional and national characteristics, and has a high cultural and artistic value. It carries the profound connotation of national culture. Music has non-semantic symbolicity and strong ambiguity, which makes the related research topics of music signals more challenging than speech signals. With the rapid increase of the number of digital music, due to the complexity of music itself, the ambiguity of the definition of the category of music and the limitation of the understanding of the characteristics of human auditory perception, Therefore, the analysis of the characteristics of folk music is a prerequisite for realizing the rapid and effective retrieval of folk music resources, and plays an important role in audio signal processing. However, there are few studies on the classification and information extraction of folk music. The article is based on the St-EN and St-ZCR feature extraction of the three styles of music in Aze, Le, and playing and singing in Amdo Tibetan folk music. Three kinds of musical styles have adopted a time-domain analysis is briefly analyzed Amdo Tibetan folk music signal, by extracting signal features music, We can find short-term energy than the short-time average zero-crossing rate of all types of music more clearly reflect the unique characteristics of the signal.
This article brings stories of teaching and learning to teach in China into conversation with Aristotle’s intellectual virtue techne and its reinterpretations. The intent is to challenge the overwhelming trend of instrumental rationality in teaching and teacher education in both China and Canada. I explore and thicken the concept of techne, one of the Aristotelian intellectual virtues, to understand what is at stake in today’s technical approaches to teaching and to imagine alternative possibilities. Aristotelian conception of techne is often translated as technical expertise, craft or skills and could to some extent justify today’s enthusiasm around technical concerns in teaching and teacher education. However, some of its contemporary re-appropriations critique and extend the restricted understanding of techne and offer educators a richer, more ethical view of techne and technical thinking in education. An interplay of Aristotelian intellectual virtues of techne and phronesis (practical wisdom) may reconnect techne to the rough ground of experience, challenge its preoccupation with instrumental ends, and assert its moral dimension.
Consumption of live microorganisms “Probiotics” for health benefits and well-being is increasing worldwide. Their use as a therapeutic approach to confer health benefits has fascinated humans for centuries; however, its conceptuality gradually evolved with methodological advancement, thereby improving our understanding of probiotics-host interaction. However, the emerging concern regarding safety aspects of live microbial is enhancing the interest in non-viable or microbial cell extracts, as they could reduce the risks of microbial translocation and infection. Due to technical limitations in the production and formulation of traditionally used probiotics, the scientific community has been focusing on discovering new microbes to be used as probiotics. In many scientific studies, probiotics have been shown as potential tools to treat metabolic disorders such as obesity, type-2 diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, digestive disorders (e.g., acute and antibiotic-associated diarrhea), and allergic disorders (e.g., eczema) in infants. However, the mechanistic insight of strain-specific probiotic action is still unknown. In the present review, we analyzed the scientific state-of-the-art regarding the mechanisms of probiotic action, its physiological and immuno-modulation on the host, and new direction regarding the development of next-generation probiotics. We discuss the use of recently discovered genetic tools and their applications for engineering the probiotic bacteria for various applications including food, biomedical applications, and other health benefits. Finally, the review addresses the future development of biological techniques in combination with clinical and preclinical studies to explain the molecular mechanism of action, and discover an ideal multifunctional probiotic bacterium. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12602-022-09992-8.
Today, the issue of crop yield and quality is one of the many challenges facing societies. Residues of pesticides, chemical fertilizers, hormonal compounds, and preservatives have caused many environmental issues. It is necessary to reduce these environmental crises by paying attention to the development of sustainable agriculture. Seed coating is considered one of the best methods to promote sustainable agriculture where the physical and physiological properties of seeds can be improved to facilitate planting, increase growth indices and alleviate abiotic and biotic stresses. Several methods of seed coating (e.g., dry powder coating, seed dressing, encrusting, seed pelleting, and film coating) are used to attain good application uniformity and adherence in the seed coating process. Seed coating has been tested in seeds of various plant species (e.g., vegetables, medicinal and other plants with small seeds) with different dimensions, forms, textures, and germination types. Plant beneficial microorganisms (PBM), such as rhizobia, bacteria, and fungi inoculated via seed inoculation can increase seed germination, plant performance and tolerance across biotic (e.g., pathogens and pests) and abiotic stress (e.g., salt, drought, and heavy metals) while reducing the use of agrochemical inputs. In this review, the microbial seed coating process and their ability to increase seed performance and protect plants from biotic and abiotic stresses are well discussed and highlighted in sustainable agricultural systems.
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