Background: Emergency Contraceptives (EC) are used to prevent unplanned pregnancies thereby preventing the occurrence and consequences of unplanned pregnancy. Emergency contraception is widely available in India. Yet the use of EC is very low and abortion rate in cities is high. Objective: To assess the practice and determinants of use of emergency contraceptive pills among women presenting for pregnancy termination in a tertiary care hospital. Material and Methods: This was a Cross-sectional, hospital-based study, conducted among the women of reproductive age group presenting for termination of pregnancy in a tertiary care hospital in Western Maharashtra. The study was conducted for a period of three months from May to July, 2016. Data was collected with the help of a preformed and prestructured questionnaire. A total of 150 cases were enrolled in the study. The data was tabulated and analyzed using Epi Info and MS Excel. Result: The knowledge of emergency contraception was seen in 34.0% subjects, out of which only 7.3% had good knowledge. Attitude wise assessment of emergency contraception showed that 74.7% subjects had favourable attitude towards its use while only 21% participants used emergency contraceptive pills. The study revealed that there is a low trend of use of modern contraceptives. The major reason for low usage was lack of adequate knowledge on the method, misperceptions of the adverse effects of this method, fear of effect on future fertility. Factors like women belonging to urban area, education, socioeconomic status and knowledge of contraception and emergency contraception and ever used contraceptive were the significant determinants of EC use. Conclusion: It is concluded that knowledge and use of emergency contraceptive is low while all had favourable attitude towards its use. Awareness is to be created among the community through information, education and communication so that the its use will be increased.
Background Government of India is introducing new and relatively costly vaccines under immunization program. Monitoring of vaccine wastage is needed to guide the program implementation and forecasting. Under pilot introduction of rotavirus vaccine in two districts both 5- and 10-doses vials were used, which was considered as an opportunity for documenting the wastage.Methods A survey conducted in two districts (Kangra, Himachal Pradesh and Pune, Maharashtra) covered 49 vaccine stores, 34 sub-centres and 34 outreach sessions collected vaccine receipt, distribution and usage data for two complete years 2016 and 2017.Results The overall wastage rates for almost all vaccines were higher in Kangra district (BCG 37.1%, DPT 32.1%, Measles 32.2%, OPV 50.8%, TT 34.1% and pentavalent 18.4%) than Pune district (BCG 35.1%, DPT 25.4%, Measles 21.7%, OPV 14.3%, TT 23.1% and pentavalent 13.2%). Wastage for pneumococcal conjugate and measles-rubella vaccines were 27% and 40.5%, respectively. With transition from 5- to 10-doses vials for rotavirus vaccine, wastage at stores levels increased in both Kangra (29% to 33.2%) and Pune (17.8% to 25.7%) districts. With transition from intramuscular to intradermal fractional inactivated polio vaccine, the wastage increased from 36.1% to 54.8% in Kangra and 18.4% to 26.9% in Pune district.Conclusions The observed vaccine wastage rates were relatively higher than program assumption for forecasting. The observed variations in the vaccine wastage indicates need for state or region based documentation and monitoring in India for appropriate programmatic action.
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