Aims: To determine the concentration of the metals present in a lubricating oil of mineral base, before, during and after its use in the engine of a truck, to know its variation for predictive purposes. Study Design: In the study, a truck was used in which the lubricating oil of mineral base, diesel grade 15W/40 was tested. Periodically, a sample of the oil contained in the crankcase was taken and the concentration of the metals present in it was determined to know its variation. Duration of Study:The study was carried out during the period corresponding to 57000 km of operation of the lubricating oil in the engine. Methodology: The determination of the metals concentration of both new and used lubricating oil samples, extracted from the crankcase after regular periods of its use, was carried out by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Results and Conclusion:The analysis of the lubricating oil allowed to know that what was
The petroleum-derived automotive fuels available on the market today have different characteristics from those that were available a decade ago, mainly due to the promotion of the use of biofuels. However, the study of their distillation curves remains a basic test for their quality control. The ISO 3405 Standard has been the basis of the test procedure for the determination of the distillation characteristics of petroleum-derived automotive fuels at atmospheric pressure. This test is essential for the quality control of this type of products because of the extensive information that can be extracted from the interpretation of its results. The introduction of biofuels (bioethanol, biodiesel) in the new automotive fuel formulations, petrol and diesel fuels, made imperative to review ISO 3405:2000 in 2011. This paper studies the most significant changes between the two versions of the ISO 3405. The latest edition of the Standard is broader in scope; it has been modified in order to include the new fuel formulations which result from biofuel mixtures and the new criteria for repeatability and reproducibility calculation. This paper studies the most significant changes between the two versions of the ISO 3405 Standard together with a field study of commercial automotive fuel samples selection (with and without biofuel blend) and certified reference materials.
Problems due to air pollution are not limited to the territory of one country, but affect or may affect other neighbouring countries. In Spain, the concern about environmental pollution as a consequence of emissions from cars and industries officially began in 1972 with Law 38/1972 on the protection of the atmospheric environment; as a result of this Law, the "characteristics, qualities and conditions of use of fuels" were officially defined and limited for the first time: Decree 2204/1975. Translated with www.DeepL.com/Translator
Quality management is the chosen option by those organizations that maintain a strong commitment to excellence in their products, services, and processes. The technical competence of a testing laboratory is essential to provide confidence in the results issued to its clients: administrations, companies, or individuals who request their services. The implementation of a quality system, with international recognition, facilitates and enables laboratory projection in national and international forums. The study shows the steps followed by a fuel laboratory (R þ D þ i), integrated in a Spanish university, to implement the quality standards established in ISO/IEC 17025 and ISO 9001. Despite its small size, the laboratory maintains high-quality standards. Obtaining ISO/IEC 17025 accreditation has allowed the laboratory to recognize its technical competence at a national and international level, greater visibility, and better positioning among laboratories that offer the same services, which has increased the number of customers and has achieved their loyalty.
Aims: To assess the composition of the Natural Gas (NG) supplied for domestic consumption through the distribution network to correlate the physical properties linked to it were to be determined in order to investigate their fluctuations. Study Design: The samples were analyzed in accordance with the method described in the ISO 6974‑4 standard, “Natural Gas. Determination of Composition with Defined Uncertainty by Gas Chromatography”. Place and Duration of Study: Center of Technology Research, Fuels Laboratory, between January and December 2016. Methodology: Over the course of the year, a total of eighty-four samples of natural gas for domestic use were analyzed. These were collected at a rate of one per month in seven cities in the geographical zone under study (Galicia_Spain), in which the number of users is significant. Results and Conclusion: The protocols for technical management of the Gas System have a section on quality specifications for Natural Gas at entry points to the system. This sets limits for only three of the physical properties of natural gas: Wobbe index, superior calorific value and relative density. The figures obtained for Wobbe index, superior calorific value and relative density from the eighty-four samples studied showed that the quality of the Natural Gas distributed remained steadily within the acceptable limits throughout the whole year. The values for standard deviations bore witness to the fact that any variations did not significantly alter the quality of the Natural Gas supplied. The concentrations of the odorant, THT, were always above the recommended value of 18.0 mg/Nm3, the fluctuations noted over the course of the year were such as to make it possible to see them as excessive. In some instances, a high concentration of odorant may lead users to erroneous impressions, so that they come to think that there are leaks from the gas-pipes or even that the gas is not burning properly.
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