Field experiments are described involving nitrogen fertilizer in the wheat field to analyze its effect on microbial quantity and enzyme activity. The results showed that 250 kg N hm -2 applied in the wheat field (1) can increase bacteria, fungi and the quantity of actinomycetes by 39.9%, 56.7% and 70.5% compared to 0 kg N hm -2 . (2) Similarly, the activities of soil urease, catalase and FDA exhibited 60.8%, 18.3% and 49.1% improved variation compared to 0 kg N hm -2 , respectively. (3) Moreover, Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H) and Evenness index (E) reached the peak (H=0.37, E=0.33). Correlation analysis of microbial quantity with enzyme activity indicated that they were related to each other. These findings suggested that soil microbial quantity and enzyme activity were significantly influenced by nitrogen fertilizer and the application of 250 kg N hm -2 in the wheat field was observed to be the best.
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