The foraging activities of insect visitors on cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) were studied. The insect visitors in decreasing order of abundance were: Formica sp.>Apis mellifera>Apis cerana>syrphids≥Apis dorstata. The activity of insects was peaked at 08.00-09.00 am. The foraging behaviour of A. mellifera was also studied. The bees spent significantly more time per flower during morning hours (sec/flower) and foraged significantly fewer flowers (7.9 flowers/min) compared to evening hours. There were significantly more nectar foragers (6.03/m²/10 min) than pollen foragers (5.16/m²/10 min). Most pollen foragers were observed during morning hours (6.59/m²/10 min) whereas nectar foragers were most active during noon hours (6.63/m²/10 min). Highest fruit set was observed in hand pollination (70.68%). Percentage of misshapen fruits was maximum in without honey bee pollination (24.35%). Without honey bee pollination resulted in significantly lowest percentage of healthy fruits (75.25%). Hand pollination ranked highest among the three forms of pollination in respective of fruits (985.13 g), number of seeds per fruit (425.22), fruit diameter (27.1 cm), fruit length (26.7 cm) and weight of 1000-seeds (28.64 g).
Severity of CAD was assessed by vessel score, stenosis score and extent score.Result: Significant positive correlation (r=0.7409; p<0.001 r=0.6648; p<0.001 and r=0.6386; p<0.001) Less than 50% of the CAD can be ascribed to traditional risk factors and rests are unexplained. 7 CRP has emerged as the most exquisitely sensitive systemic marker of inflammation and a powerful predictive marker of future cardiovascular risk. Role for inflammation has become well established over the past decade or more in theories describing the atherosclerotic disease process. 8 A body of evidence now suggests that atherosclerosis represents a chronic inflammatory response to vascular injury caused by a variety of agents that activate or injure endothelium and promote lipoprotein infiltration, retention, and modification, combined with inflammatory cell entry, retention and activation. 9 So, from a pathological viewpoint, all stages, i.e., initiation, growth, and complication of the atherosclerotic plaque might be considered to be an inflammatory response to injury. 10,11 Creactive protein (CRP) is one of the acute phase proteins that increase during systemic inflammation. 12 Several prospective studies recently showed that plasma high sensitive Creactive protein (hs-CRP) levels, a more sensitive CRP test, are a powerful predictor of future myocardial infarction and cardiac death among apparently healthy individuals. 13 However, the association between the plasma hs-CRP levels and the severity of coronary stenosis in subjects remains controversial. Some studies previously demonstrated such associations whereas other could not found it. 14,15 This study was performed to determine whether the concentrations of hs-CRP correlate with the coronary atherosclerotic disease assessed by coronary angiography. was found between hs-CRP and vessel score, stenosis score and hs-CRP and extent score suggesting increasing level of hs-CRP strongly suggestive of extensive coronary artery disease. Conclusion: High level of hs-CRP strongly suggestive of extensive coronary artery disease Objectives:General Objective: 1. To correlate the levels of hs-CRP with angiographic severity of coronary artery stenosis in patients with IHD admitted for CAG in DMCH. Correlation between hs CRP with vessel score (n=90).Hs CRP was expressed in mg/L and vessel score ranges from 0 to 3 depending on the number of vessel involve. Significant positive correlations were found between hs-CRP and vessel score.The values of Pearson's correlation coefficient was 0.7409 which is highly significant (p<0.001). Therefore, there was linear positive correlation between hs-CRP and vessel score (Fig. 1). The values of Pearson's correlation coefficient was 0.6648 which is highly significant (p<0.001). Therefore, there was linear positive correlation between hs-CRP and stenosis score (Fig. 2).(p<0.001). Therefore, there was linear positive correlation between hs-CRP and extent score (Fig.-3). DiscussionThis cross sectional study was carried out with an aim to correlate the...
Background: The peripheral arterial disease generally refers to a disorder that obstructs the blood supply to upper and lower extremities, most commonly caused by atherosclerosis. Objective: The purpose of this study was to observe the morphological pattern and risk factors for development of peripheral vascular disease in Bangladeshi patients suffering from peripheral vascular disease by CT angiography using a multidetector scanner. Method: Eighty nine patients with peripheral vascular disease who were referred for evaluation of peripheral vascular disease underwent CT angiography. We scanned patients from the level of the cerebral arteries to the pedal arteries in a single helical scan. CT angiograms were produced using maximum-intensity-projection, multiplanous reformation and reconstructions. Findings were graded according to nine categories: 1, normal (0% stenosis); 2, mild (1-49% stenosis); 3, moderate (50-74% stenosis); 4, severe (>75% stenosis); 5, tortuosity; 6, aneurysm, 7, calcification, 8, Arteriovenous malformation (AVM), and 9, haematoma. Results: We found Most of the patients in our study were male (69 out of 89 patients). The mean age was 54.49 ±18.36 yrs in male and 49.45 ±17.89 yrs for female. Commonest risk factor in our study was hypertension 46.1%, followed by diabetes 30.3%, family history 27%, smoking 23.6%, dyslipidaemia13.5%. Stenosis (5.61%) was the predominate lesion followed by haematoma (4.49%) and arterio–venous malformation (4.49%). Abdominal aorta was mostly affected in the studied population (58.43%) followed by Lower limb (37.08%), Carotid (22.47%), Renal (7.87%) and Upper limb arteries (4.49%). Conclusion: CT angiography is a noninvasive technique for the imaging of peripheral vascular disease. Since no data is available from a well designed study in PVD in our country, till then the data obtained from this study can be used in Bangladesh. Key words: CT angiogram, Peripheral vascular disease, Risk factor DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cardio.v1i2.8238 Cardiovasc. j. 2009; 1(2): 193-200
Abstract:Objective: The purpose of this study was to observe the morphological pattern by CT
Background and objectives: Hypothyroid patients often complain of fatigue even after effective treatment. Thyroid hormone plays an important role in carnitine-dependent long chain fatty acid transport for oxidation and ultimate formation of ATP. Deficiency of L-carnitine has been presumed to disrupt ATP formation leading to fatigue. Present study was designed to assess the role of L-carnitine as a supplement to manage the fatigue state of hypothyroid patients. Methods: Hypothyroid patients receiving levothyroxine (L-T4) and suffering from fatigue symptoms were enrolled. Patients were randomly divided into Group A (Control group, n=35) and Group B (Experimental group, n=36). Patients of Group A were treated with L-T4 only and Group B patients received L-carnitine 2 g/day in addition to L-T4 therapy for 8 weeks. Fatigue was assessed by fatigue severity scale (FSS), physical fatigue (PF) and mental fatigue (MF) scores. Data regarding fatigue status, serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (FT4) were collected at the beginning and after 8 weeks of intervention. Result: The mean age of Group A and Group B patients was 33.5±8.1 and 35.4±7.5 years respectively (p>0.05); and the mean body weight was 61.5±9.6 kg and 62.5±8.2 kg respectively (p>0.05). The mean baseline values of different fatigue scores and the serum TSH and FT4 levels of patients of two groups were identical and not significantly different (p>0.05). In Group-A patients, the mean MF score improved significantly (5.2±1.5 vs 4.6±1.4; p=0.01) from baseline score after 8 weeks while the FSS and PF scores did not improve significantly (p>0.05). In Group-B patients, the mean FSS, PF and MF scores improved significantly (p<0.01) from baseline score after 8 weeks of treatment with L-carnitine along with L-LT4 treatment. FSS, PF and MF scores of Group-B patients reduced significantly (p<0.01) compared to Group-A patients after 8 weeks of treatment. FSS, PF and MF scores improved in 88.9%, 77.8% and 47.2% cases respectively in Group-B compared to 20%, 14.3% and 5.7% cases in Group-A. L-carnitine was well tolerated and no severe adverse event was recorded. Conclusion: The results suggest that, administration of L-carnitine along with L-T4 in hypothyroid patients significantly reduced physical and mental fatigue. Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2019; 13(2): 45-52
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