The research was conducted to study the effect of heat stress on behavior, some physiological and blood parameters with nine goats of almost similar in age, sex and weight into three groups. Three groups were divided as zero hour (T 0 ), four hours (T 4 ) and eight hours (T 8 ) heat exposure. Temperature-humidity index (THI) value was calculated as 28.17 which indicate the experimental animals were in extreme severe heat stress. Skin and rectal temperature had no significant differences among the treatment groups but respiration/panting and pulse rate were increased with the increased of heat stress from T 0 to T 8 group (P<0.01). Significant difference was found in standing time and lying time (P<0.01) in experimental groups. There were significant changes (P<0.01) in number of urination and defecation per hour but no significant changes was found in duration per urination in heat treated groups. The amount of RBC, PCV%, Hb%, WBC were increased with the increased of heat stress (P<0.01). Neutrophil, eosinophil, lymphocyte and monocyte numbers increased significantly (P<0.01) in heat treated groups. It can be concluded that heat stress had significant changes on some behavioral, physiological and blood parameters of goat.

The present study was undertaken to examine cell cycle characteristics of endangered Goral (CITES Appendix I) adult skin fibroblasts. Seven experiments were performed, each with a one-way completely randomized design involving three replicates. Least significant difference (LSD) was used to determine variation among treatment groups. Experiment I focused on the effects of cycling, serum-starved, and fully confluent stages of Goral cells. In Experiments II and III, the effects of different antioxidants like beta-mercaptoethanol (beta-ME, 10 microM), cysteine (2 mM), and glutathione (2 mM) were examined after cells were fully confluent without serum starvation for 24 h and 4 h, respectively. In Experiments IV and V, three protease inhibitors, namely 6-dimethylaminopurine (6-DMAP, 2 mM), cycloheximide (7.5 microg/ml) and cytochalasin B (7.5 microg/ml), were used as in Experiment II. In Experiments VI and VII, the effect of different levels of dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO) at 0%, 0.5%, 1.0% and 2.5% were tested by flow cytometry (FACS). In Experiment I, 68.7% of Goral skin fibroblasts reached the G(0)/G(1) stage (2C DNA content) when subjected to the serum-starved medium, which was more than the cycling (64.9%) and fully confluent groups (61.0%) (P > 0.05). Among the chemically treated group, beta-ME, cysteine and DMSO showed better results for synchronization of G(0) + G(1) phases than cycling, serum-starved and fully confluent groups. It can thus be concluded that beta-ME, cysteine and DMSO at certain concentrations can synchronize the cell cycle effectively, which could have a positive impact on somatic cell nuclear transfer in the goral.

The aim of the current study was to find out the effect of adding different levels of lemon extract to the chicken meatballs. Fresh lemon extract was incorporated into freshly prepared meatball and compared with 0.01 % beta hydroxyl toluene (BHT) and control (without antioxidant). For this purpose, chicken meatball samples were divided into four treatment groups; viz. T0 (Control), T1 (0.01% BHT), T2 (0.5 % lemon extract) and T3 (1 % lemon extract). The study was conducted in completely randomized factorial design. The samples were analyzed for determination of sensory, proximate components, physicochemical, biochemical and microbiological qualities at 0, 30th and 90th days of preservation. Color, flavor, Juiciness, tenderness and overall acceptability increased significantly (p<0.05) among different treatment groups than control and BHT group but decreased at different days of intervals. Dry matter (DM) content decreased significantly (p<0.05) with different treatment levels than control and BHT group and increased with days of intervals. Crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE) and Ash of all treatments were decreased significantly (p<0.05) among different treatment groups. Raw pH, cooked pH and cooking loss were decreased significantly (p<0.05) with different treatment levels than control and BHT group and decreased with days of intervals. Free fatty acid (FFA), peroxide value (POV) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) value were decreased significantly (p<0.05) with different treatment levels than that of control and BHT group and increased with days of intervals. Total viable count (TVC), total coli form count (TCC) and total yeast mould count (TYMC) decreased significantly (p<0.05) at different treatment levels than that of control and BHT group. Therefore, it can be concluded that 1 % lemon extract for formulation of value-added chicken meatballs was enriched source as natural antioxidant. SAARC J. Agri., 18(2): 139-156 (2020)

No abstract

The present study was conducted to examine the effect of cell culture conditions, antioxidants, protease inhibitors (PI), and different levels of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) for the promotion of synchronization of different cell cycles of Siberian tiger skin fibroblasts. We also compared the ability of somatic cell nuclei of the Siberian tiger in pig cytoplasts and to support early development after reconstruction. Cell cycle synchronization between nuclear donor and recipient cells is considered to be one of the most crucial factors for successful cloning. Five experiments were performed each with a one-way completely randomized design involving three replicates of all treatments. Least significant difference (LSD) was used to determine variation among treatment groups. Experiment I focused in the effects of cycling, serum starved and fully confluent stages of Siberian tiger cells on different cell cycles. In Experiment II, the effects of different antioxidants like b-Mercaptoethanol (b-ME, 10 mM), cysteine (2 mM), and glutathione (2 mM) were examined after cells were fully confluent without serum starvation for 4 hr. In Experiment III, three PI, namely 6-dimethylaminopurine (6-DMAP, 2 mM), cycloheximide (7.5 mg/ml) and cytochalasin B (7.5 mg/ ml) were used in the sane manner as in Experiment II. In Experiment IV, different levels of DMSO at 0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, and 2.5% were tested on different cell cycle stages of Siberian tiger examined by Flowcytometry (FACS). In Experiment I, 67.2% of the Siberian tiger skin fibroblasts reached the G 0 /G 1 stage (2C DNA content) in fully confluent conditions which was more than the cycling (49.8%) and serum starved (SS) medium (65.5%; P < 0.05). Among the chemically treated group, glutathione (72.6%) and cycloheximide (71.3%) had little bit better results for the synchronization of G 0 þ G 1 phases than serum starved and fully confluent. After nuclear transfer we did not see any significant differences on the development of tigerporcine reconstructed embryos at cycling, SS and fully confluent. Data indicate that prolonged culture of cells in the absence of serum as well as using different chemicals for this experiment does not imply a shift in the percentage of cells that enter G 0 /G 1 and that confluency is sufficient to induce quiescence. This finding can be beneficial in nuclear transfer programs in Siberian tiger, because there are negative effects, such as apoptosis associated with serum starvation. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 74: 403-411, 2007. ß

No abstract

The experiment was conducted to investigate the present status of organic beef cattle production at Shahjadpur upazilla of Sirajgonj district in Bangladesh through field survey. The data were collected based on a prescribed interview schedule from 30 respondents selected from 6 villages of Shahjadpur upazila who were involved in beef cattle production. Parameters studied were origin, feeds and fodder, breeding, health care, animal welfare and other factors related to organic beef cattle production. In this study, 12% cattle were indigenous and 88% crossbred in origin. 83% farmers used cultivated fodder and 17% used cultivated and roadside grass which was cultivated in their own land. However, 37% farmers used vitamin mineral supplementation. Among the farmers, 13% farmers used natural breeding, 73% farmers used A.I. and 14% both methods for livestock breeding. 87%, 80%, and 83% farmers practiced vaccination, deworming and grooming, respectively while, 70% farmers used hormone, antibiotic and growth promoter for beef cattle production and only 33% farmers isolate sick or injured animal from healthy stock. 73% farmers allowed access to outdoor and pasturing during winter season and only 3% farmers kept their livestock record. 37% farmers purchase cattle occasionally and 53% farmer’s fattened cattle for 3 months and rest fattened for a prolonged period. In Bangladesh beef cattle are fatten in conventional method where different inorganic substances are used by the farmers. So there are great potentialities for organic beef cattle production in Bangladesh both for satisfying animal protein requirement and production of quality beef.Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2016. 45 (1): 25-30

The experiment was conducted to find out the effect of different levels of bottle gourd leaf extraction on beef meatballs. Ground beef samples were divided into four treatment groups having bottle gourd leaf extracts as control T1 (0%), T2 (1%), T3 (2%), T4 (3%). Proximate analysis, sensory tests (color, flavor, tenderness, juiciness, and overall acceptability), cooking loss, pH value, free fatty acids (FFA), thiobarbituric acid values (TBARS), peroxide value (POV) and microbiological examination were determined. Days of intervals of experiment were 0, 15th, 30th and 45th days. Data were analyzed using SAS Statistical software. DM content of all the treatment groups differ significantly (p<0.05). In contrast, DM content increased significantly (p<0.05) with the advancement of different days of intervals. The CP and EE content at different treatment levels differ significantly (p<0.05). The FFA, TBARs, POV values were decreased significantly (p<0.05). The color, flavor, tenderness, juiciness, overall acceptability, raw and cooked pH were increased at different treatment levels significantly (p<0.05). The cooking loss (%) with the advancement of days of intervals were differ significantly (p<0.05). TCC (log CFU/g) and TYMC (log CFU/g) were decreased significantly (p<0.05) at different treatment levels. Parameters studied showed that, 2% bottle gourd leaf extract added meat balls were the best quality, so it may be concluded that  2% bottle gourd leaf extract can be used in beef meatball as a source of antioxidant and antimicrobial agent to increase shelf-life of meatballs. Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2018. 47 (2):105-113