Data from previous studies demonstrate the high frequency of deficiency and insufficiency of vitamin D in Ukraine, as in the world, which varies depending on the age and gender of the population, the season, the region of residence, and the type of concomitant pathology. The purpose of the study was to assess the vitamin D status in the Ukraine population during 2016-2022 years depending on age, sex, month, and year of observation. In a single-center cohort study, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) level was analyzed in 7105 subjects aged 20-99 years. The analysis was performed depending on age, sex, month, and year of observation. The mean serum 25(OH)D level in the total group was 30.9 [22.1-41.0] ng/ml, the lowest level was in the age group 90-99 years old and the highest one was in the subjects aged 40-69 years old. 52.7% of the subjects had a sufficient vitamin D level, 27.4% had insufficiency, and 19.9% had a deficiency of vitamin D. No gender differences were found in the serum level of 25(OH)D, except the one for the women aged 60-69 years old, who had higher vitamin D levels compared to males parameters. Seasonal 25(OH)D levels variations indicated the highest values in September and October and the lowest ones in February and March. Additionally, we established the increase of serum 25(OH)D from 2016 to 2021 with the highest values in 2020 and 2021. Our data confirmed a decrease in vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency in 2021 and 2022 in the Ukrainian population compared to previous years (2016-2019) and previous studies in the Ukrainian population while maintaining their age-related and seasonal characteristics. It may be associated with an improvement in public awareness of global vitamin D deficiency and its positive skeletal and extraskeletal effects, as well as the COVID-19 pandemic in recent years.

Introduction. Current research studies demonstrate the changes of bone mineral density (BMD) in subjects with Parkinson’s disease (PD); however, data about bone quality and body composition (BC) indexes are insufficient. The aim of the study was to assess the parameters of BMD, ВС, and trabecular bone score (TBS) in PD males. Materials and Methods. We performed a cross-sectional case-control research design and examined 76 males aged 50–77 years old, who were divided into two groups: first group including men without PD n=38 and the second group including subjects with PD n=38. Disease duration was at least 5 years; all PD participants were at levodopa therapy. BMD of lumbar spine, femoral neck, total femur, radius, and total body and TBS Ll−L4 were measured using the DXA method. Whole-body DXA measures were also used for the study of total, lean, and fat masses, skeletal muscle index (SMI), appendicular lean mass index (ALMI), and fat mass index (FMI). Results. Our study showed an increased incidence of osteoporosis and significantly lower total body BMD (respectively, 1.20 ± 0.13 and 1.26 ± 0.10 g/cm2, p=0.05), but not lumbar spine and femoral neck BMDs, and higher TBS value in PD men comparing to the control group (respectively, 1.33 ± 0.12 and 1.22 ± 0.18 un., p=0.005). Also, we established significantly decreased lower extremities BMD indexes, but not upper extremities, spine, and trunk BMDs in PD males. The femoral neck, proximal femur, and lower extremities BMD indexes in PD men were reliably lower at the side of predominance of clinical symptoms. Parameters of appendicular lean mass and ALMI in PD males were reliably higher, but fat mass values and FMI were lower compared to the control group in the absence of significant differences in lean mass values and SMI in weight-matched control. Conclusion. Due to low BMD values, changes in BC are present in PD males, and appropriate screening and preventive strategies should be instigated to maintain bone health in PD subjects.

Osteoporosis and Parkinson’s disease (PD) are two important age-related diseases, which have an influence on pain, physical activity, disability, and mortality. The aim of this research was to study the parameters of bone mineral density (BMD), frequency, and 10-year probability of osteoporotic fractures (OFs) in females with Parkinson’s disease (PD). We have examined 113 postmenopausal women aged 50–74 years old which were divided into 2 groups (I, control group (CG), n = 53 and II, subjects with PD, n = 60). Bone mineral density of lumbar spine, femoral neck, distal radius, and total body were measured, and quantity and localization of vertebral deformities were performed by the vertebral fracture assessment (VFA). Ten-year probability of OFs was assessed by Ukrainian version of FRAX®. It was established that BMD of lumbar spine, femoral neck, distal radius, and total body in PD women was reliably lower compared to CG. The frequency of OFs in PD subjects was higher compared to CG (51.7 and 11.3%, respectively) with prevalence of vertebral fractures (VFs) in women with PD (52.6% among all fractures). 47.4% of the females had combined VFs: 74.2% of VFs were in thoracic part of the spine and 73.7% were wedge ones. Ten-year probability of major OFs and hip fracture were higher in PD women compared to CG with and without BMD measurements. Inclusion of PD in the FRAX calculation increased the requirement of antiosteoporotic treatment from 5 to 28% (without additional examination) and increased the need of additional BMD measurement from 50 to 68%. Anterior/posterior vertebral height ratios (Th8-Th11) measured by VFA in PD females without confirmed vertebral deformities were lower compared to indices of CG. In conclusion, women with PD have lower BMD indices, higher rate of osteoporosis, and risk of future low-energy fractures that should be taken into account in the assessment of their osteoporosis risk and clinical management.

Резюме. Актуальність. Хвороба Паркінсона (ХП)-хронічне прогресуюче захворювання головного мозку, що проявляється поєднанням гіпокінезії з ригідністю, тремором спокою та постуральною нестабільністю, а також широким спектром немоторних проявів, супроводжується підвищеним ризиком остеопоротичних переломів. Мета дослідження-вивчення статевих особливостей мінеральної щільності кісткової тканини в пацієнтів із хворобою Паркінсона. Матеріали та методи. Були обстежені 89 пацієнтів із хворобою Паркінсона та 89 пацієнтів відповідного віку та статі без неврологічної патології. Жінки та чоловіки обох груп не відрізнялися за віком, зростом та масою тіла. Мінеральну щільність кісткової тканини (МЩКТ) визначали методом двофотонної рентгенівської абсорбціометрії. Результати. Остеопороз у пацієнтів із хворобою Паркінсона реєструвався вірогідно частіше в жінок, ніж у чоловіків (48 та 24,3 % відповідно), та вірогідно частіше, ніж в осіб контрольної групи. Зафіксовані вірогідно нижчі показники МЩКТ пацієнтів із ХП та осіб контрольної групи: у чоловіків-на рівні шийки стегнової кістки, дистального відділу кісток передпліччя та всього скелета, у жінок-на рівні поперекового відділу хребта, шийки та проксимального відділу стегнової кістки, дистального відділу кісток передпліччя та всього скелета. У жінок зареєстровані вірогідні негативні корелятивні зв'язки МЩКТ різних регіонів скелета та віку, у чоловіків зв'язок зареєстровано на рівні дистального відділу кісток передпліччя. У чоловіків та жінок зареєстровані позитивні корелятивні зв'язки між МЩКТ та індексом маси тіла (ІМТ). Висновки. Результати нашого дослідження свідчать, що хвороба Паркінсона спричиняє розвиток остеопорозу, але стан кісткової тканини в пацієнтів із хворобою Паркінсона має статеві особливості, зокрема, у жінок МЩКТ більшою мірою залежить від віку, а в чоловіків-від ІМТ.

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Objective: The problem of predicting the course of acute pancreatitis and early diagnosis of its complications remains unresolved. This study aimed to determine changes in vitamin D and calcium-phosphorus metabolism in patients with severe acute pancreatitis. Material and Methods: There were examined 72 people divided into two groups as healthy persons (comparison group) - males and females without pathology of the gastrointestinal tract and any other conditions or diseases that could affect the state of calcium-phosphorus metabolism (n= 36) and patients with acute pancreatitis (main group, n= 36). In addition, in order to determine the prognostic criteria for the severity of the disease, patients in the main group were divided into two subgroups. The first subgroup included patients with severe disease (n= 18), the second (n= 18) - with mild and moderate disease. Results: Serum calcium value was lower in patients with severe acute pancreatitis comparison to healthy persons: 2.18 (2.12; 2.34) vs 2.36 (2.31; 2.43) mmol/L (p< 0.0001), and the decrease of calcium levels was associated with an increase in the severity of acute pancreatitis. Therefore, hypocalcemia can be considered a reliable predictor of the severity of the disease. In patients with acute pancreatitis, the level of vitamin D was significantly low than in the healthy persons and was 13.8 (9.03; 21.34) and 28.4 (21.8; 32.3) ng/mL, respectively (p< 0.0001). Conclusion: For patients with acute pancreatitis, serum vitamin D levels≤ 13.28 ng/mL can be considered as a significant predictor of severe disease (sensitivity 83.3%, specificity 94.4%) regardless of calcium level.

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