Background: This study aimed to detect the correlation of central venous pressure (CVP) with the internal jugular vein (IJV), common carotid artery (CCA), femoral vein (FV), and femoral artery (FA) diameters measured with ultrasound (USG) in patients under mechanical ventilation to evaluate whether they are suitable to be used as an alternative low-cost and noninvasive method for the detection of CVP.Methods: A total of 40 patients aged from 18 to 90 who had been receiving therapy in the intensive care unit (ICU) were included in the study. Central venous catheter was placed into the patients through right IJV or subclavian vein in their first 24-hour of hospitalization and the right atrium pressure (RAP) was measured from the catheter, the tip of which was confirmed to reach right atrium. In the same session, CCA, IJV, FA, and FV diameters were measured with USG and their correlations with CVP were calculated. In addition, correlations of the measured venous and artery diameters between each other were detected as well.Results: There was a significantly high correlation between CVP and CCA diameter (R = 0.603, P < .000). There was a significantly low correlation between CVP and IJV diameter (R = 0.352, P = .026), a significantly low correlation between FA and FV diameters (R = 0.317, P = .047), a significantly low correlation between FA and CCA diameters (R = 0.330, P = .038), and a significantly low correlation between IJV and CCA diameters (R = 0.364, P = .020).Conclusion: CVP and CCA diameters exhibited a high correlation. For detection of CVP, the ultrasonographic CCA diameter measurement can be used as an alternative noninvasive method which is easy to use and minimally affected by measurement errors of individuals and which has low learning curve compared with the other measurement methods. Abbreviations: CCA = common carotid artery, CCAD = common carotid artery diameter, CVP = central venous pressure, FA = femoral artery, FAD = femoral artery diameter, FV = femoral vein, FVD = femoral vein diameter, ICU = intensive care unit, IJV = internal jugular vein, IJVD = internal jugular vein diameter, IVC = inferior vena cava, IVCCI = inferior vena cava collapsibility index, IVV = intravascular volume, PEEP = positive end-expiratory pressure, RAP = right atrium pressure, USG = ultrasound.
Objectives: In this study, we aim to determine the prevalence of anxiety and evaluate its relationship with academic performance in a vocational school of health services students, which causes significant disability and loss of labor and is frequently seen with mood disorders in the society. Methods: A sample was not selected for the research, it was aimed to reach all students. Of the 1093 students who are attending the school, 849 (77.7%) students participated in the study. In order to determine the level of anxiety in students, a questionnaire form consisting of the Beck Anxiety Inventory and descriptive features were applied by the online survey method. Results: Of the students; 80.1% are female, 98.1% are single, 57.1% are in their first year, and the average age is 20.25 ± 1.81. The total scale score was found 9.42 ± 8.65 and it was 9.90 ± 8.69 for female students and 7.49 ± 8.24 for male students. Variable levels of anxiety were detected in 38.8% of the participants. There was no statistically significant relation found between anxiety level and academic performance, but both anxiety levels and academic performances were affected by the gender of participants. Conclusions: Making psychological evaluations of students while they are starting their higher education and checking their statuses periodically using standard self-report tools by using technological instruments; would make it possible to make necessary interventions by noticing the situations that may adversely affect their academic success, social life, mental and cognitive development in the early stages.
Amaç Bu çalışma, Niğde ili Çiftlik ilçesinde yerleşik olarak tarım işçiliği yapanlarda iş kazası geçirme durumunu belirlemek, iş kazası ve zirai ilaçlama ilgili bilgi, tutum ve davranışlarını değerlendirmek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler Tanımlayıcı ve kesitsel nitelikteki bu çalışma, 2017 yılı Temmuz-Eylül ayları arasında çalışmaya katılmayı kabul eden 197 kişi üzerinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Katılımcılara, sosyo-demografik özelliklerine ve çalışma yaşamına yönelik 43 sorudan oluşan anket formu yüz yüze görüşme yöntemi ile uygulanmıştır. Bulgular Araştırmaya katılanların; yaş ortalaması 39,34±10,42, %71,6'sı erkek, %92,9'u evli ve %59,9'u ilkokul mezunudur. %85,8'i 5 yıldan daha uzun süredir tarımda çalışmaktadır. İlaçlama esnasında %13,4'ü maske, %51,5'i eldiven takarken, %15,7'si saçlarını kapatmakta ve %5,2'si tulum giymektedir. İlaçlamadan sonra %17,9'u ellerini ve yüzünü yıkarken, %34,3'ü duş almakta, %10,4'ü kıyafetlerini ayrı yıkamakta ve %9,7'si ise hiçbir önlem almamaktadır. Çalışma esnasında kaza geçirenlerin oranı %17,3' dür. Bu kazaların %63,9'u motorlu tarım makinelerinin kullanımında ve elle kullanılan basit aletler sonucunda olmuştur ve %7,1'inde kalıcı bir durum oluşmuştur. Çalışırken kaza/ hastalık durumu olanların sadece %20,3'ü sağlık kuruluşuna başvurmakta ve başvurmama nedenleri %24,4 vakitsizlik, %94,7 önemsememedir. Kaza/yaralanma sonucu aşı olup olmadığını hatırlamayanların oranı %19,8 iken, aşı olduğunu belirten yoktur. En sık kaza nedeni olarak; %92,9 dikkatsizlik ve %50,3 yapılan iş hakkında bilgisizlik belirtilmiştir. Sadece %3,6'sı yapılan işle ilgili önceden bir eğitim almıştır. Sonuç Yerleşik tarım çalışanlarının büyük çoğunluğu erkeklerden (%71,6) oluşmaktadır. Kadınlarda (%37,5) iş kazası geçirme sıklığı daha fazladır. İş kazalarının tamamı tarımda çalışma yılı 5 yıl ve üzeri olan çalışanlarında gerçekleşmiştir. İş sağlığı ve güvenliği ile ilk yardım eğitimi alan tarım çalışanların sayısı oldukça düşüktür.
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