a r t i c l e i n f o Keywords: Photovoltaic (PV) Modeling Maximum power point Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) a b s t r a c tIn this work, we present a generic model based on universal of mathematical equations to model the operation of a solar cell. We analyze the output current and the electric power supplied by a solar cell according to the output voltage, temperature and power. The results obtained show that the model is very effective in treating the simulation model of a solar cell on the one hand and secondly the ability to model in an efficient manner a photovoltaic field with fewer errors. This allows operating the photovoltaic generators in optimal conditions, and consequently with a better exploitation of energy.
The computer is the greatest innovation of the 20th century. It has changed our lives. It executes tasks with precision. There is no limit with what we can do with software. Computers are seductive. Companies and students cannot work without them. They help students to perform mathematical computations. It is very important that mathematical ideas are expressed in computer programs in order to have theoretical results and to verify them practically. Nowadays, the development of new and non-polluting energy producing and energy-storage systems is a great challenge for scientists. An alternative to the nuclear and fossil fuel power is renewable energy technologies. Due to ever-increasing energy consumption, rising public awareness of environmental protection, and steady progress in power deregulation, alternative (i.e., renewable and fuel cell based) distributed generation systems have attracted increased interest. There is an accelerating world demand for environmentally friendly power. Among the renewable energy sources, the Photovoltaic (PV) energy is the most promising candidate for research and development for large scale users. Fuel cells have been receiving a lot of attention lately due to their potential of becoming a new energy source with a large range of applications. Fuel cells can be incorporated with other components to create high efficiency industrial power plants. Fuel cells permit clean and efficient energy production. The purpose of the work is to optimize the system’s operation. The main reason to build described system is to supply stand-alone systems using renewable energy sources. Therefore, the power plant has to produce energy independent of any weather fluctuations. Integrating photovoltaic energy sources with fuel cells, as a storage device replacing the conventional lead-acid batteries, leads to a non-polluting reliable energy source. In this chapter, an energy system comprising different energy sources, namely PV and fuel cells, is proposed. Photovoltaic cells coupled with electrolytic devices can be used to produce hydrogen and oxygen in a sustainable manner. With the produced hydrogen from the electrolysis process, it is possible to generate electricity through fuel cells. Photovoltaic panels in particular can provide a good source of producing green electricity. It is autonomous, its operation does not pollute the atmosphere, and it is an inexhaustible and renewable source with great reliability. The simulation program developed also allows the exportation of different configurations. The experimental system described has permitted the validation of the proposed method.
Abstract. The reason for this paper is to give methods verified experimentally, to use in an efficient manner, a green system using photovoltaic energy. This study concerns optimization of photovoltaic system operation, in real time. Tracking maximum power method has been verified experimentally. Another technique for optimum switching of photovoltaic (PV) modules with electrical array reconfiguration is proposed, whatever are conditions (insulation, temperature, load). A microcontroller is used as support of the electronic control and practical tests are presented.
The arrangement of modules of a photovoltaic generator "PVG" depends largely on the application. The number of modules in series in a branch and the number of branches are linked to the output voltage and current required. For a fixed number of photovoltaic modules, the maximum power is constant whatever is the configuration adopted. The operating power is dependent on the device working conditions such as the insulation, the temperature, and the load. The work presented in this article is focused on the determination of the optimal configuration of the PVG, given a fixed number of modules. Our aim is to extract the highest power of the direct coupling between the PVG and the load. In this paper, we present a new method, which consists of determining on line and in real time which configuration is best whatever is the load and the working conditions and switch the PVG into that configuration. The presented method is based on the use of the data processor. Some parameters describing PV modules have been stocked on EPROM. Very simple calculations allowed to decide which configuration is appropriate for the load whatever the work conditions. This method is particulary appropriate for all direct coupling between a PVG and a load especially for the pumping system. Results that have been obtained experimentally confirm our theoretical analysis.
In recent years, solar photovoltaic energy is becoming very important in the generation of green electricity. Solar photovoltaic effect directly converts solar radiation into electricity. The output of the photovoltaic module MPV depends on several factors as solar irradiation and cell temperature. A curve tracer is a system used to acquire the PV current-voltage characteristics, in real time, in an efficient manner. The shape of the I-V curve gives useful information about the possible anomalies of a PV device. This paper describes an experimental system developed to measure the current–voltage curve of a MPV under real conditions. The measurement is performed in an automated way. This present paper presents the design, and the construction of I-V simple curve tracer for photovoltaic modules. This device is important for photovoltaic (PV) performance assessment for the measurement, extraction, elaboration and diagnose of entire current-voltage I-V curves for several photovoltaic modules. This system permits to sweep the entire I-V curve, in short time, with different climatic and loads conditions. An experimental test bench is described. This tracer is simple and the experimental results present good performance. Simulation and experimental tests have been carried out. Experimental results presented good performance.
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