Abstract. Electroplated nickel coatings provide ductility, excellent corrosion resistance and good wear resistance, which qualifies them to meet complex demands of engineering, microtechnology and microelectronics. The co-deposition of particles is a promising alternative to deposit layers with adequate microstructure and properties avoiding the rise of residual stress. The incorporation of the sufficient quantity of particles, monodisperse distribution and downsizing to nanometre scale affect the amount of strengthening by dispersion hardening. To avoid agglomeration in the electroplating bath as well as in the layer is a challenge which has been met by simple Watts nickel electrolyte with a minimum of organic additives and adequate bath agitation comprising sonication, i.e. the exposure of the bath to high-frequency sound waves.Well-dispersed hard particles (titanium oxide and silicon carbide) were incorporated in nickel films. The focus was set on the correlation between the gained microstructure of the composites with particles from micron to nanometre scale and the electrochemical and mechanical properties. Corrosion was quantified from polarisation curves and volumetric erosion measurements. Wear resistance was evaluated by scratch energy density studies, oscillating sliding wear testing and cavitation wear testing and compared to indentation hardness results.Sonication and particle downsizing result in matrix grain refinement and dispersion hardening. Incorporation of different particles with respect to different material and size proved to meet different demands. Submicron TiO 2 is best for high corrosion resistance, sonicated nickel without particle incorporation is best for high abrasion resistance, nano TiO 2 is best for oscillating sliding wear resistance and submicron SiC is best for cavitation wear resistance.
Die Galvanotechnik ist nach wie vor eines der am häufigsten angewandten Oberflächenveredelungsverfahren. Neben der Automobilindustrie, einer der größten Abnehmer galvanotechnischer Oberflächen, sind für den hohen Umsatz und die Entwicklung der Galvanotechnik die Bereiche Elektrotechnik und Elektronik, Bauwesen, Maschinenbau, Luft‐ und Raumfahrttechnik, die Schmuckbranche sowie die Medizintechnik (z.B. Dentalprothetik) verantwortlich. Ständig steigende Rohstoffpreise, strengere gesetzliche Regelungen (z. B. EU‐Altauto‐Verordnung), wachsende Anforderungsprofile der Kunden hinsichtlich Qualität und Funktionalität sowie steigendes Umweltbewusstsein stellen die Galvanotechnik vor immer neue Herausforderungen, die sich als Innovationstreiber herausstellen. Dieser Beitrag vermittelt einen Überblick zum Status quo der Galvanotechnik. Im Weiteren werden ausgewählte aktuelle Trends aufgezeigt.
With decreasing feature sizes and integration of porous low-k dielectrics within the interconnect system of integrated circuits, plasma etch residue removal becomes challenging. Plasma cleaning processes are known to degrade low-k material's properties and wet cleaning becomes a promising alternative. Using water based cleaning solutions turns out to be critical as they may not be able to wet low-energy residue surfaces or to penetrate into small features. Lowering the surface tension of the solutions will be essential and the application of surfactants is a promising approach. We investigated the static and dynamic surface tension of different surfactant solutions in DIW and their compatibility to a porous CVD-SiCOH low-k dielectric. The choice of the rinsing solution applied after surfactant treatment turned out to be essential for removing residual surfactant species. Optical, electrical and structural analysis showed that in contrast to DIW an IPA-rinse is able to remove remaining surfactant species.
Magnesiumlegierungen sind sehr korrosionsanfällig, was ihre Anwendung unter korrosiven Bedingungen einschränkt. Eine Mög-lichkeit, um Magnesium vor aggressiven Umweltbedingungen zu schützen, ist das Beschichten. Es werden Ergebnisse über das Korrosionsverhalten der aus verschiedenen Elektrolyten galvanisch verzinkten Magnesiumknetlegierung AZ31 gezeigt. Die Bewertung der Korrosionsprozesse in chloridhaltigen Lösungen erfolgte durch elektrochemische Messungen.Durch einstündige Auslagerung der beschichteten Proben wurde festgestellt, dass dicke und dichte galvanische Zinkschichten auf AZ31 die Korrosionseigenschaften verbessern. Eine Erhöhung der Immersionszeit führt jedoch zu einer Verschlechterung der Korrosionseigenschaften. Elektrolytische Zinkschichten, die durch einen konsekutiven alkalisch / sauren Prozess erzeugt werden, stabilisieren die Schicht und verbessern somit die Korrosionsbestän-digkeit des beschichteten AZ31.Schlüsselworte: Magnesiumlegierung, Zinkschicht, galvanische Zink-Abscheidung, Korrosionsverhalten Magnesium alloys are highly susceptible to corrosion that limits their application when exposure to corrosive service conditions is needed. One of the ways to prevent corrosion is to coat the magnesium-based substrate to avoid a contact with an aggressive environment. Results concerning corrosion behaviour of wrought AZ31 magnesium alloy with electrolytic zinc coatings deposited from different electrolyte solutions are described. Evaluation of corrosion processes in chlorides containing solutions was performed by electrochemical measurements.It was found that thick and dense electrolytic zinc coatings formed on AZ31 significantly improve the corrosion behaviour of magnesium alloy after one hour immersion of zinc coated magnesium alloys in corrosive media. Further increase of immersion time leads to relatively fast decrease of corrosion properties. Electrolytic zinc coatings obtained in consecutive alkaline / acidic process demonstrate an improvement of corrosion resistance of coated AZ31. The time to coating degradation strongly increases.
Die Abscheidung von galvanischen Nickelschichten mit inkorporierten keramischen Nanopartikel, TiO 2 und Al 2 O 3 , erfolgte mit Hilfe von Ultraschall während der galvanischen Beschichtung. Der Ultraschall gewährleistet eine ständige Desagglomerierung der Nanopartikel im Elektrolyten, wodurch ein homogener und feindisperser Partikeleinbau in die Nickelschichten möglich ist.Untersucht wurden das Einbauverhalten der nanoskaligen Partikel in galvanische Nickelschichten, die Veränderungen in der Schichtstruktur und der Kristallite im Vergleich zu konventionell abgeschiedenen Nickelschichten mittels REM, EDX, EBSD und XRD.Schlüsselworte: galvanisch Nickel, Nanopartikel, Ultraschall, XRD, EBSD The electrodeposition of nickel layers with incorporated ceramic nanoparticles, TiO 2 and Al 2 O 3 was carried out with the aid of ultrasound during electroplating. The ultrasound guarantees a permanent desagglomeration of nanoparticles in the electrolyte. Therefore, nanoparticles were incorporated homogeneously and fine-dispersedly. The incorporation of nanoscaled particles, the changes of the layer structure and the crystallites were investigated in comparison to conventionally electrodeposited nickel layers by means of SEM, EDX, EBSD and XRD.
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