Brassica oleracea cultivars include important vegetable and forage crops grown worldwide, whereas the wild counterpart occurs naturally on European sea cliffs. Domestication and selection processes have led to phenotypic and genetic divergence between domesticated plants and their wild ancestors that inhabit coastal areas and are exposed to saline conditions. Salinity is one of the most limiting factors for crop production. However, little is known about how salinity affects plants in relation to domestication of B. oleracea. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of domestication status (wild, landrace or cultivar) on the response of different B. oleracea crops to salinity, as measured by seed germination, plant growth, water content and mineral concentration parameters at the seedling stage. For this purpose, two independent pot experiments were conducted with six accessions of B. oleracea, including cabbage (group capitata) and kale (group acephala), in a growth chamber under controlled environmental conditions. In both taxonomic groups, differences in domestication status and salt stress significantly affected all major process such as germination, changes in dry matter, water relations and mineral uptake. In the acephala experiment, the domestication × salinity interaction significantly affected water content parameters and shoot Na+ allocation. At early stages of development, wild plants are more succulent than cultivated plants and have a higher capacity to maintain lower Na+ concentrations in their shoots in response to increasing levels of salinity. Different responses of domesticated and cultivated accessions in relation to these traits indicated a high level of natural variation in wild B. oleracea. Exclusion of Na+ from shoots and increasing succulence may enhance salt tolerance in B. oleracea exposed to extreme salinity in the long term. The wild germplasm can potentially be used to improve the salt tolerance of crops by the identification of useful genes and incorporation of these into salinity-sensitive cultivars.
The experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Laboratory of Agrotechnology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna to determine the effect of salt stress on germination and seedling growth of indigenous Aman rice varieties during June, 2015 to December, 2015. The salt tolerant landraces will be used as genetic resource for variety development program in future. The factorial experiment consists of two factors such as ten indigenous Aman rice varieties and four levels of salt solutions viz EC (dS m −1 ) of 5, 10 and 15 with control (distilled water). The experiment was laid out in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three replications. The interaction effects between variety and salinity on germination and seedling growth parameters of indigenous Aman rice varieties were varied significantly. It was found that germination capacity, energy, speed, seedling vigor index, root length and shoot length of rice were decreased gradually with increasing salinity. The germination energy and germination speed of most varieties were drastically reduced at 10 dS m −1 or higher salinity levels. The germination capacity of Hatibazor, Boushohagi, Shadagotal and Moinamoti were recorded 97.66 %, 99.33%, 98.0 % and 97.33%, respectively at 15 dS m −1 water salinity in laboratory condition. The results revealed that the indigenous Aman rice varieties named Boushohagi, Shadagotal, Hatibazor, Moinamoti, Motha were performed better over other varieties considering of germination and seedling growth parameters.
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