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The interactions of microplastics (MPs) with other chemicals and the range of outcomes are of great importance to enhance understanding of their environmental impacts and health risks. Cadmium (Cd) and cadmium compounds are widely used as pigments and stabilizers in plastics, but they readily leach out. Here we addressed the impacts of MPs, Cd, and their joint exposure in a tractable Drosophila melanogaster model. We show that exposure to MPs lead to extensive particle size depended gut damage early in life and an enhancement of Cd-induced inhibition of locomotor-behavioral function in adult flies. In addition, we show that Cd exposure induces epigenetic gene silencing via position-effect variegation (PEV) in somatic tissues that was dramatically enhanced by co-exposure with MPs. The results indicate that MPs can aggravate the toxicity of other environmental contaminants and induce adverse effects across a range of diverse outcomes in a tractable and widely used model organism. These observations raise the prospects of using Drosophila as a tool for the rapid assessment of MP-mediated toxicity.

BackgroundThe present paper aims to study the prevalence of the various manifestations of hyperhidrosis in patients who sought treatment in a specialized ambulatory in the state of São Paulo.ObjectivesOpposite to previous studies, this paper studies the different combinations of sweating sites, not being restricted to the main complaint site of the patients, but taking into consideration secondary complaints patients may present.MethodsThis was a retrospective approach of a database containing more than 1200 patients in which were mapped: combination of sweating sites, age of onset, age spectrum, mean age, body mass index and gender of patients. Patients were categorized into four groups based on their main sweating site - palmar, plantar, axillary and facial.ResultsWe concluded that hyperhidrosis appears frequently in more than one site, being the main complaint that affects the most patients palmar hyperhidrosis, which appears early in the patients during adolescence. When there are two sites of sweating, the most frequent combination is palmar + plantar, and when there are three sites of sweating the most frequent combinations are palmar + plantar + axillary and axillary + palmar + plantar.Study limitationsThis research has casuistics limited to a single care service for patients with hyperhidrosis.ConclusionIt is necessary to keep in mind that the disease manifests itself mainly in more than one location, with different intensities in each of the patients, generating a significant impairment of their quality of life.

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A trombose venosa profunda aguda é conhecida também por outros vários nomes. A diversidade de terminologia, que tem gerado alguma confusão na conceituação da doença, decorre do conhecimento impreciso da sua etiopatogenia e do fato de certos estudos se referirem apenas a uma ou outra fase da moléstia ou a localizações diferentes da mesma.Para nós, as denominações trombose venosa profunda aguda, flebotrombose, flebite, tromboflebite e doença tromboembólica, significam sempre a mesma moléstia, qualquer que seja a sua localização. Como definição, adotamos a de Allen e col., ou seja: "oclusão completa ou parcial de uma veia por um trombo, com reação inflamatória, primária ou secundária, da parede da veia". E, como denominação, preferimos a de trombose venosa, proposta por Virchow.Dentre as várias localizações da trombose venosa profunda aguda, a dos membros inferiores assume particular interesse, não só devido à sua maior incidência, como também por ser responsável por maior número de complicações: embolias, estase crônica e outras seqüelas. Quando o processo se localiza nos membros inferiores, o comprometimento das veias superficiais, embora mais freqüente, não tem a mesma importância e gravidade que o das veias profundas. INCIDÊNCIAAs estatísticas, além de só se referirem à localização profunda nos membros inferiores, são contraditórias. As divergências se explicam pela diversidade do tipo de estudo escolhido pelos autores, uma vez que uns se baseiam em achados de necropsias e outros em dados clínicos. Embora possamos atribuir estas divergências a erros no diagnóstico clínico, não podemos, entretanto, afastar, como outra causa provável destas divergências, a possibilidade de as estatísticas baseadas em achados necroscópicos incluírem casos de coagulação recente, agônica, de pequenas veias, como sendo casos de trombose, o que, evidentemente, é um erro.Cjores, numa estatística geral, na Suécia, apoiado em dados clínicos, verificou a incidência de 2% de trombose venosa, dos quais, 54% obstétricas e ginecológicas, 237o cirúrgicas, 15 % em casos de clínica médica e 8% es-

Nota: Trabalho da Disciplina de Cirurgia Vascular do Departamento de Clínica Cirúrgica da FMUSP. Neste número especial com artigos publicados na Revista de Medicina em 1969, traz um comentário dos Drs. Fernando Luiz Torres Gomes, José Humberto Pucci de Mesquita Filho, Carlos Serrano Jr.  (Departamento de Cardiologia da FMUSP).

Introduction Although rare, as the population ages, abdominal aortic aneurysm synchronous to abdominal malignancies, as renal cell carcinoma, is expected to become more prevalent. There are only two case reports of minimally invasive surgeries to treat these synchronous diseases, with endovascular aortic repair and laparoscopic nephrectomy, but they were performed in two stages, with iodinated contrast and without robotic assistance. Case report We herein present a case of a 71-year-old patient with chronic kidney disease, a 6.4 cm infra-renal abdominal aortic aneurysm associated and a suspicious 6 cm solid-cystic expansile lesion in the right kidney, successfully treated at one stage with endovascular aortic repair using carbon dioxide as a contrast medium and with robotic right partial nephrectomy, aiming to preserve the renal function as much as possible. The patient’s postoperative course was free of complications with hospital discharge on the fifth postoperative day, with a serum creatinine of 0.84 mg/dL. Conclusion single-stage minimally invasive surgical treatment of AAA and RCC can be a safe and feasible approach. Combining a robot-assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy with an EVAR using carbon dioxide as a contrast medium was safe and successfully preserved renal function.