The theory of kinematic X‐ray diffraction from dislocated crystals as developed in [1] is extended to crystals containing more than one set of straight parallel dislocations. The Bragg reflexion line broadening is expressed by two parameters of the dislocated crystal, the dislocation density, ϱ, and the effective outer cut‐off radius, Re, which enters in the well‐known logarithmic factor in (Re/r0) of the elastic energy (r0 inner cut‐off radius). It is shown that the shape of the line profile is determined by ϱ\documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$\sqrt {R_{\rm e},}$\end{document} whereas, for a given value of ϱ\documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$\sqrt {R_{\rm e},}$\end{document}, the linewidth is proportional to \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \sqrt {\varrho} $\end{document}. Methods for the independent determination of ϱ and Re are discussed.

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X-ray diffraction line profiles of plastically deformed Cu single crystals orientated for ideal multiple slip were recently found to be markedly asymmetric. A theory is developed to interpret this kind of asymmetric line broadening in terms of the average dislocation density, the dipole polarization of the dislocation structure and the mean square fluctuation of the dislocation density.

The first part of the paper deals with a brief review over the present stage of the (kinematical) theory of the broadening of X-ray diffraction lines of crystals containing dislocation distributions. In the second part experiments of X-ray line broadening of plastically deformed Cu and NaCl single crystals are reported by which the validity of the theoretical approaches are tested. It is shown that values of the dislocation density and the elastically stored energy derived from broadened X-ray diffraction lines agree well with corresponding data obtained by other experimental techniques.Der erste Teil der Arbcit gibt cinen knappen tfberbliek uber den gegenwiirtigen Stand der (kinematischen) Theorie der Verbreiterung von Rontgonbeugungslinien von Kristallen mit Versetzungen. Im zweiten Teil wird uber Linienverbreiterungsexperimcnte an plastisch verformten Cu-und NaC1-Einkristallen zur Prufung der theoretischen Ansiitze berichtet. Es wird gezeigt, daB die Werte fiir die Versetzungsdichte und die elastiseh gespeicherte Energie, die aus den verbreiterten Rontgenlinien gewonncn wurden, gut mit entsprechenden Ergebnissen nach anderen experimentellen Methoden ubereinstimmen.