Background:ADHD is the most commonly diagnosed behavioral disorder of childhood, and that it occurs in 3 to 5 percent of school-age children, this means that it affects a great part of the Egyptian population. The etiology of ADHD is unknown. Therefore understanding the etiology and pathogenesis of ADHD is a key and important challenge in psychiatry.Method:To investigate the relationship between the dopamine transporter gene (SLC6A3) 3’-UTR VNTR genotypes and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test in children with ADHD versus control, 50 children diagnosed with ADHD and 50 of control children were sequentially recruited, genotyped, and tested using neuropsychological tests.Results:There were significant differences in Total Category First Completed (TCFC) and categories completed indices of WCST results between cases and control. No significant difference in genotype of DAT 3’UTR VNTR genotypes was found between cases and control. The most common genotype among both ADHD cases and control was 9/10 while the least genotype was 9/9 among both groups. No significant genetic correlation and WCST indices in ADHD children.Conclusion:There is impairment of set shifting domain of executive function in ADHD children. No significant genetic correlation and WCST indices in ADHD children
The aim of the present study was to estimate aetiology and risk factors for psychoactive substances among adolescent students in Assiut Governorate,Egypt Methods: This study was cross sectional community survey conducted during academic year (2010-2011).The sample size was 5476 students from preparatory and secondary schools were subjected to a standardized questionnaire of substance misuse questionnaire of Egypt in an Arabic version and modified Arabic version of socioeconomic scale. Results: 22.9 % of sample stated that they used psychoactive substance. Peak age of onset was among students between 11-15 (61%), followed by 16-19 (31%) and lastly less than 10 (8%). Students raised in Nuclear families reported higher prevalence (83.92%) than those in Extended families (16.08%). Substance use disorder was prevalent in students with first Order of birth (38.85%) and then last (30.90%). Substance use was prevalent in students with moderate socioeconomic status (67.12%),then with low (16.64 %) and with high (16.24 %).According to beliefs of substance users toward substance , 30.18 % believed it makes person euphoric, 23.25% it make person lives in world of dreams, 23.81% it makes person works for long time. Conclusion: Risk factors for adolescent substance use disorders represent psychosocial continuum begin from representing levels of exposure to anything like a 'drug atmosphere'
The aim of the present study was to estimate the prevalence and forms of psychoactive substances among adolescent students in Assiut Governorate, Egypt. Methods: This study was cross sectional community survey conducted during academic year (2010-2011) .The sample size was 5476 students from preparatory and secondary schools were subjected to a standardized questionnaire of substance misuse questionnaire of Egypt in an Arabic version and modified Arabic version of socioeconomic scale. Results: 22.9 % of sample stated that they used psychoactive substance. Substance use disorders in age group (12-16) was (50.0%), (> 16-19) was (49.68%), and (> 19) was (0.32%). Males reported higher prevalence (94.59%) than females (5.41%). Substance use disorder was prevalent in Secondary Public schools (48.17%), Technical (24.84%), Preparatory (23.09%) and then Secondary Private (3.90%). Students from Rural areas reported higher prevalence (83.36%) than Urban areas (16.64%).Tobacco smoking in males (89.31%) and in females (98.53%) , Marijuana (Hash)in males (5.56%), Alcohol in males (1.94%), Tramadol in males (1.60%), Marijuana (Bhang) in males (0.93%), Opium in males (0.34%)and in females (1.47%), Benzodiazepines (Clonazepam , Alprazolam)in males (0.25%),and lastly Amphetamine like (Foula) in males (0.08%). Recreational pattern (34.63%) that was higher in males than in females (36.20% &7.35%) .Dependence was (28.50%) that was also higher in males than females. Conclusion:: Tobacco and Hashish were the major substance problem for most of Students, that needs to be addressed in treatment programs.
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