A high precision calibration of the nonlinearity in the energy response of the Daya Bay Reactor Neutrino Experiment's antineutrino detectors is presented in detail. The energy nonlinearity originates from the particle-dependent light yield of the scintillator and charge-dependent electronics response. The nonlinearity model is constrained by γ calibration points from deployed and naturally occurring radioactive sources, the β spectrum from 12 B decays, and a direct measurement of the electronics nonlinearity with a new flash analog-to-digital converter readout system. Less than 0.5% uncertainty in the energy nonlinearity calibration is achieved for positrons of kinetic energies greater than 1 MeV.
Patients on maintenance peritoneal dialysis (PD) are frequently complicated with volume overload. In this study, we sought to evaluate troponin T testing alone or in combination with echocardiographic measures in predicting cardiovascular congestion in PD patients. This was a prospective study of 222 chronic PD patients with echocardiography and measurement of serum troponin T carried out at baseline. Patients were followed for 3 years or until death. The end point was first episode of cardiovascular congestion. Troponin T emerged as an independent predictor of cardiovascular congestion (hazard ratio, 2.98, 95% confidence intervals (CI), 1.19-7.42) in a multivariable Cox regression model, including also left ventricular mass index (LVMi) and ejection fraction (EF). Patients with troponin T>median (0.06 microg/l) and EFmedian but EF>50% had a 3.10-fold (95% CI, 1.71-5.63) and 1.88-fold (95% CI, 1.05-3.38) adjusted risk of cardiovascular congestion, respectively, than those with troponin T50%. Patients with troponin T>median and LVMi>or=median (96.23 g/m2.7) had a 2.68-fold (95% CI, 1.39-5.19) adjusted risk of cardiovascular congestion than those with troponin T
Distributions of branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (brGDGTs) from soil bacteria have been recently used for reconstructions of past soil pH and air temperature history. Here, we report the brGDGTs distribution patterns from different climate regions of China, using 42 novel brGDGT data from sub-tropical Chinese soils, compiled alongside previously-published data encompassing different environmental conditions across China. These patterns show high abundance of Ia fraction in soils from humid areas, and high abundance of IIa′ and IIIa′ fractions corresponds to semi-humid or semi-arid conditions, implying a possible relationship with precipitation. The abundance of IIa fraction appears negatively correlated with air temperature. Statistically, the soil pH and temperature factors represent 62% and 30% variations of the total variance respectively. For soils from humid and semi-humid regions, strong correlations between cyclization of branched tetraethers (CBT′) index and soil pH (R
2
= 0.89) and between methylation of branched tetraethers (MBT′
5ME
) index and mean annual temperature (MAT)(R
2
= 0.82) exist. When soils from semi-arid regions are included, the correlations become slightly stronger with pH and significantly weaker with MAT. Our study confirms the usefulness of soil brGDGTs distributions for Quaternary palaeo-climate reconstructions.
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