Investigation of the chemical properties of the coastal plain soils treated with NPK 20:10:10 fertilizer (NPK) at the rate of 0,60, 90 and 120kg ha -1 and observed at intervals of 3,6,9 and 12 months was carried out from March 2009 to 2010 at Akpabuyo, Cross River State, Nigeria. The experiment comprises of four fertilizer rates and four management intervals fitted into a Latin square design. The soils pH value increased consistently from 3 to 12months. Mean values of organic matter decreased with increase in profile depth from 2.12-1.34g kg -1 . The distribution of N from the top soil down the profile increased consistently from 3 to 12 months. The mean value of N from the top soil was 0.82%. Exceeding 0.2%, the critical value and was more than the mean values obtained in the sub-surface soil. The mean value of P (33 mgkg -1 ) during the 9 months interval was significantly (P<0.05) higher than all other sampling periods. There was vertical and horizontal loading of P which lead to higher available P at the surface in soil depths of 0-15 and 15-30cm than 30-40cm and 40-50cm. Levels of Ca increased slightly with sampling interval but decreased down the profile. The soils were also characterized as follows: strongly acid (pH 5.1 -5. ) The application of 90 kg/ha -1 NPK fertilizer during the 9 months interval gave highest values of N.P, Ca and Mg under the condition of the experiment, indicating that these elements will not be deficient in these soils. Equally, the CEC, organic matter and base saturation had their advantage in the 9 months interval where 90 kg'' was applied. This is cost effective and could be used to improve crop production in Akpabuyo, Nigeria.
A study was carried out in May 2008 using Seven Conventional methods for estimating available soil phosphorus from swamp mud, in acid sulphate soils of Mbiabet, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. The Seven extractants were tested to determine which would be suitable for routine use in the waterlogged soils. The extractans were Bray and Kurtz's (0.03NNH 4 F in 0.025N Hcl), Morgan's (10% NaOAC/3%HOAC), Sounder's (0.1NNOOH), Olsens (0.5N NaHCO 3 at pH 8.5). Treatment consisted of potassium dihydroxide added in the doses of 0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250 and 300mg/kg, fitted into Latin square of 36 x 5m. Limestone (Ca CO 3) was applied at the rate of 50 kg/ha to reduce the activity of aluminum. The results of the selective tests showed that the Oslen's procedure gave the most reliable estimate of available P. Fractionation of the forms of inorganic phosphorus in the phosphate treated mud showed that the extracting solutions removed chiefly aluminium phosphate. In the absence of facilities for field, the relationship between crop response, concentration of soil phosphorus and available phosphorus as determined by Olsen's procedure gave the most reliable estimate of available P. was estimated for polyethylene bag culture experiment with rice and maize. Response to additions (Rice and Maize) had available P 11 mg/kg with Oslen's method.
Oban Hills is located at Akamkpa in the Southern Senatorial District of Cross River, State, Nigeria. Phosphorus (P)-rich soil from the Hills is expected to have an effect on retention and distribution in the highly acidic soils surrounding the area inundated for several years. Phosphorus forms in the soils of the Hills varied with the year of deposition with the highest fraction being Ca-P. The low soil pH in the Oban Hills soils suggests that Ca-P may exist in a partially dissolved form and will be the primary source of P for vegetations around the area. The cation exchange capacity and pH of surface material from the Hills suggest a dominance of primary minerals. Based on the amount of P available it seems that the Hills soils play a role in the overall P availability to the surrounding vegetation. A significant (P
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