The results showed that zinc deficiency is common among type 2 diabetic patients due to hyperglycemia and polyurea. Periodic serum zinc measurement is recommended for type 2 diabetes mellitus.

his research was conducted to elucidate the effect of flavomycin® and propolis powder, as feed additives, on milk yield of buffalo and productive performance of suckling calves such as total body weight, average daily gain, body measurements and selective metabolic parameters. For this reason, sixteen multiparous Egyptian buffalo with an initial body weight of 445±11.45 kg. and their offspring suckling calves (16 calves) were used in this experiment. The trial was started at 6 weeks prenatal pregnancy and 4 months after parturition (suckling period) till weaning. The animals (mother and their suckling calves) were divided into four equal groups (4 animals / each group) according the preceding lactation season. First group (CO) was fed on the diet without any additives. Second group (T1) was fed on the diet + 50 mg of propolis/head / day. Third group (T2) was fed on the diet + 60 mg of flavomycin/ head/ day, while fourth group (T3) was fed on the diet + 50 mg of propolis + 60 mg flavomycin / head / day. The buffaloes were fed on a concentrated diet consisting of 45% seed, 15% cotton seed, 15% soy bean, 22% wheat bran, 1% premix salts, 1% limestone and 1% salt while suckling calves were allocated with their mothers and fed colostrum for the first three days. Milk, starter and treatments were given to suckling calves till weaning. The amount of buffalo milk were estimated. Body weight, body measurements and blood samples were taken from newborn calves. Results revealed that productive performance and selective blood metabolites were affected by supplemented diets. Daily and total milk yield were increased insignificantly in animals fed treated diets than untreated ones. There was a significant improvement of daily and final body weight (P<0.05) in the suckling calves treated with propolis alone or combined with flavomycin until the weaning period. Final chest girth, body high and abdominal circumference (AC) measurements were increased insignificantly for calves treated with propolis. There was a tendency of higher concentration of total protein in plasma of calves fed flavomycin (T2) than those fed control diets. Concentration of albumin was decreased insignificantly (P>0.05) in treated calves compared with control. Furthermore, flavomycin in the diets (T2) increased total globulin insignificantly (P>0.05) by about 29% compared with the control group. Treated diets induced the lowest levels in the plasma triglyceride and total cholesterol (P<0.01) in comparison to the control diets. Concentration of glucose was decreased (P<0.05) while transaminases enzyme levels were increased (P<0.05) in treated calves compared with untreated ones. It could be concluded that added flavomycin and /or propolis in the diets increased milk yield and improved live body weight and growth in suckling calves with improvement in final chest girth, body high and abdominal circumference measurements. Selected blood plasma metabolites affected by dietary treated diets without any harmful effect on health of suckling claves.

No abstract

wenty-eight pregnant Saidi ewes were assigned to 4 treatments to study the influence of dietary Lemongrass and Roselle on blood metabolites, antioxidant status and anticoccidial effect. The experiment lasted for 75 days (15 before parturition and 60 after parturition). The treatments were: (1) CON group, animals received control diet without additives, consist of concentrate mixture (CM) and wheat straw; (2) LG group, animals fed control diet plus 4g Lemongrass/ kg dry matter (DM) of CM: (3) RO group, animals fed control diet plus 4g Roselle /kg DM of CM and (4) LGRO group, animals fed control diet plus (2g Lemongrass +2g Roselle)/kg DM of CM. Blood and feces samples were taken at the end of the trial to determine some of blood metabolites and parasitic number. Dietary LGRO decreased (P<0.05) plasma protein and albumin while the ewes fed LG had the highest (P<0.05) concentration of globulin. Plasma creatinine concentration was lower (P<0.05) in treatment groups compared to CON group. There was a significant increase in plasma cholesterol concentration of LG and RO groups, while LGRO group had the lowest concentration of plasma total cholesterol (P<0.05) compared with other ones. Also, feeding with LG and LGRO had negative effect on the level of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase enzymes. Ewes fed RO had the highest (P<0.05) level of LDH enzyme compared with other groups. Dietary RO decreased (P<0.05) triioidothyronine (T 3) concentration, while LGRO groups tended to increase (P<0.05) T 4 concentration. Dietary LG and RO improved (P<0.05) total antioxidant capacity (TAOC) compared to CON group. Heavy infection was detected with Coccidia in the fecal samples of control group compared to LG and RO groups, while tented to have less quantity of oocysts output in LGRO group. It could be concluded that the addition of LG or RO in the diets may improve some blood metabolites, antioxidant status and immune response of Saidi ewes.

No abstract

A total of sixteen Egyptian male buffalo steers aged 28 months weighted 330.08±10.63kg were used in this trial to elucidate the impact of using three types of oligosaccharides (Mannan oligosaccharide (Bio-Mos ®), Esterified glucomannan (EGM-100 ®) and Galacto oligosaccharides (GOS ®) on growth, feed conversion, digestibility coefficients, economic efficiency and some blood parameters. At the beginning of the experiment, animals were randomly allotted into four equal groups (4animals each) according to average body weight. Treated animals in the control group (CO) were fed on the control diet without oligosaccharides, while those in MOS, EGM and GOS groups were fed on diets containing 0.1 % of each type of oligosaccharides (1 g/kg diet) for 120 days feeding period. Four digestibility trials were carried out to determine nutrients digestibility and nutritive values of experimental diets. Results revealed that digestibility coefficients of DM, OM, CF and NFE tended to increase significantly by feeding buffalo steers on MOS and EGM diets compared with those of control group. Likewise, there were significant differences (P≤0.05) in CP and EE digestibility among groups treated with MOS and EGM than control group. The present results showed a significant (P≤0.01) increase of nutritive values as TDN and ME for MOS and EGM diets compared with control. Feeding male buffalo on treated diets increased (P≤0.05) the nutritive value as DCP compared with untreated ones. Live body weight was significantly (P≤0.05) increased as well as ADG and TG were improved (P≤0.01) in treated trials. There was no significant increase in daily dry matter (DMI), total digestible nutrient intake (TDNI), digestible crude protein intake (DCPI) and metabolizable energy (ME) due to oligosaccharide supplementation. Feeding male buffaloes on MOS and EGM decreased (P≤0.01) feed conversion of DM and TDN compared with control group. Total feed coast (LE/kg gain) was decreased due to feeding MOS and EGM supplemented diets. Feeding MOS and EGM increased (P≤0.05) total protein and globulin levels of blood serum which might indicate improvement of immune status of treated animals. Means of alanine transaminase (AST) and aspartate transaminase (ALT) enzymes did not differ significantly among treatments. Blood serum total lipids were reduced (P≥0.05), while total cholesterol concentration was (P≤0.05) lower in blood serum of treated groups than control and the lowest values were recorded for GOS group. It was concluded that prebiotics supplementation (such as oligosaccharides) in the diet of fatting male Egyptian buffaloes resulted in significant improvement in productive performance and digestibility coefficients without any harmful effect on animals health.