Grey wolf optimizer (GWO) is a new meta-heuristic algorithm. The GWO algorithm mimics the leadership hierarchy and hunting mechanism of grey wolves in nature. Three main stages of hunting include: encircling, tracking and attacking. It is easy to fall into local optimum when used to optimize high-dimensional data, and there is imbalance between exploration and exploitation. An improved grey wolf optimizer based on tracking mode and seeking mode is proposed to improve the diversity of the population and the ability of the algorithm to balance exploration and exploitation. The algorithm is verified by simulation experiments in three parts. Firstly, the proposed grey wolf optimizer based on tracking mode (TGWO), the improved grey wolf optimizer based on seeking mode (SGWO), the improved grey wolf optimizer based on tracking and seeking mode (TSGWO), Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Salp Swarm Algorithm (SSA), Sine Cosine Algorithm (SCA), Ant Lion Optimizer (ALO), Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA) and Moth-flame Optimization (MFO) are adopted to optimize 21 typical benchmark functions respectively, and the obtained statistical simulation results are compared; Secondly, the improved algorithm proposed in this paper is compared with Binary Grey Wolf Optimizer (BGWO), Hybrid PSOGWO Optimization (PSOGWO) and GWO Algorithm Integrated with Cuckoo Search (GWOCS); Finally, it is applied to the lightest design engineering problem of pressure vessels. Simulation results show that the superior performance of the proposed algorithm for exploiting the optimum and it has advantages in terms of exploration. The improved grey wolf optimizer based on tracking mode and seeking mode can better solve function optimization and classical engineering problems with constraints. It was found the improved grey wolf optimizer based on tracking mode has the high precision and the characteristics of balanced exploration and exploitation. INDEX TERMS Grey wolf optimizer, tracking mode, seeking mode, function optimization.
Ant Lion Optimizer (ALO) is a new meta-heuristic algorithm that simulates the ant lion predator mechanism in nature. Five main steps of hunting include: random walks of ants, building traps, trapping in antlion's pits, sliding ants towards antlion, catching prey and re-building pits. As the predator radius of antlion decreases with the number of iterations, there is an unbalanced between the ant lion optimizer between exploration and exploitation, and it is easy to fall into the local optimal solution. An improved ant lion optimizer based on spiral complex path searching pattern is proposed, where eight spiral paths (Hypotrochoid, Rose spiral curve, Logarithmic spiral curve, Archimedes spiral curve, Epitrochoid, Inverse spiral curve, Cycloid, Overshoot parameter setting of the spiral) searching strategies were adopted to improve the diversity of the population and the ability of the algorithm to balance exploration and exploitation. The proposed algorithm can accelerate the convergence speed of ALO and improve its performance. The algorithm is verified by simulation experiments in three parts. Firstly, 28 function optimization problems were adopted to test the optimization performance of the improved ALO. Secondly, it is applied to the lightest design engineering problem of pressure vessels. Finally, the spiral complex path searching patterns are introduced into the muti-objective ALO and 4 typical muti-objective functions are optimized. Simulation results show that the superior performance of the proposed algorithm for exploiting the optimum and it has advantages in terms of exploration. The improved algorithm can better solve function optimization, classical engineering problems with constraints and multi-objective function optimization problems. The improved ALO based on the spiral complex path searching mode has the characteristics of balanced exploration and exploitation, fast convergence speed and high precision.INDEX TERMS Ant lion optimizer, spiral complex path, function optimization, constrained optimization, muti-objective optimization.
Clustering as an unsupervised learning method is a process of dividing a data object or observation object into a subset, that is to classify the data through observation learning instead of example learning without the guidance of the prior class label information. Bat algorithm (BA) is a swarm intelligence optimization algorithm inspired by bat's ultrasonic echo localization foraging behavior, but it has the disadvantages of being easily trapped into local minima and not being highly accurate. So an improved bat algorithm was proposed. In the global search, a Gaussian-like convergence factor is added, and five different convergence factors are proposed to improve the global optimization ability of the algorithm. In the local search, the hunting mechanism of the whale optimization algorithm (WOA) and the sine position updating strategy are adopted to improve the local optimization ability of the algorithm. This paper compares the clustering effect of the improved bat algorithm with bat algorithm, flower pollination algorithm (FPA), harmony search (HS) algorithm, whale optimization algorithm and particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm on seven real data sets under six different convergence factors. The simulation results show that the clustering effect of the improved bat algorithm is superior to other intelligent optimization algorithms.
Henry Gas Solubility Optimization Algorithm (HGSO) is a physical-based algorithm based on Henry's Law and simulates the process that the solubility of gas in liquid changes with temperature. The search strategy of the HGSO is very simple, which results in the algorithm having poor exploitation ability and unable to find a more accurate optimal solution. The Harris Hawk optimization algorithm (HHO) has strong exploitation because of its diverse exploitation strategies. In order to make up for the shortcomings of HGSO algorithm, this paper proposes an improved Henry gas solubility optimization algorithm (HHO-HGSO) based on the Harris Hawk optimization. During the iteration, taking the escaping energy function of the HHO algorithm as an indicator and determining a threshold, when the escaping energy function value is greater than the threshold, the algorithm conducts the search strategy of the HGSO algorithm, when less than the threshold, executes four exploitation strategies of Harris Hawk. In order to verify the performance of the proposed algorithm, HHO-HGSO is used to optimize CEC2005 and CEC2017 benchmark test functions and solve 4 real engineering design problems. Marine predators algorithm (MPA), Whale optimization algorithm (WOA), Lightning search algorithm (LSA), Water cycle algorithm (WCA), HGSO, and HHO were used to conduct comparative experiments. The simulation results show that the proposed HHO-HGSO algorithm has strong optimization ability. The core code of the paper has been uploaded in https://github.com/xwaiyy123/HHO-HGSO.
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