Considers of nanostructures created beneath different modes of submersion testimony of silver on permeable silicon (PS) for their utility as dynamic substrates in monster Raman spectroscopy (SRS) are displayed. PS was shaped by anodizing monocrystalline silicon in an aqueous-alcoholic arrangement of hydrofluoric corrosive. The reflection spectra of the gotten silver nanostructures on PC have been examined. It is uncovered that to form ideal conditions for SERS spectroscopy utilizing silver nanostructures on PC, it is vital to utilize an energizing laser with a wavelength of 400–450 nm.
This study introduces the calculations of the radiation background, by characterizing the radionuclides and calculating their specific effectiveness in the environment of the city of Baghdad (soil and plants) using the gamma-ray spectroscopy technique. 20 soil samples at a depth of 20 cm were collected for 5 locations on the Rusafa side, where the site coordinates were fixed using the G.P.S device. A modern global gamma-ray spectroscopy system (DSA 2000) was used, with high-purity germanium (HPGe) detector with an efficiency of 50% and an analysis capacity of 2.2 keV with respect to the energy of 1332 keV for the 60Co source. The results of the specific activity rates of the radionuclides (214Bi or 214Pb), (228Ac or 208Tl), (40K), and (137Cs) in soil were: (50.735 Bq/kg or 0.525 Bq/kg) which is close to the value of the previously published results, as the highest value was recorded in Bangladesh (88.1 Bq/kg or 4.8 Bq/kg). The results of the qualitative effectiveness of the soil of the sites showed normal levels within the radiation background of Baghdad's soil. There was a significant convergence of the study's findings with other studies.
The X-ray tube generates diagnostic X-rays, and these rays can penetrate the human body and to different dimensions depending on the energy of the rays. These rays meet absorption and scattering inside the body, and whatever comes out of them is used for radiological examination purposes. Radiation exposure accompanies some of the potential risks, so it requires knowing the amount of radiation dose for the total exposed (man. Sv), as well as the equivalent effective dose for the organ or tissue in the body, and multiplied by the value determined by the risk factor, thus determining the amount of radiation risk or the rate of infection Radiative damage. The surface entry dose values measured by the German-born Dosimax mobile device are closer to the reference values, because the sensitive size of this meter is a material equivalent to living tissue, which is exposed to X-rays, so the reading value of the dose in the air is not the same as in the case of the ionization chamber (Unfors) is Swedish in origin, but rather the dose of live tissue which is an approach to the dose of patients. The amount of fluctuation in the measuring voltages of the device (C) is 11.3% which is higher than the specified values, and also the standard deviation in the measurement is more than 5%, that is, the device does not meet the quality assurance specifications (QA), while the two devices (F, E) are The volatility value is 3.89% and 4.6%, respectively, which is less than the limits set for this fluctuation of 10%, and the standard deviation values are less than 5%.
Breast cancer threatens a large proportion of the world’s women to die annually and does not know the exact causes of this disease. Among these causes is an increase in the surface radiation dose absorbed by the breast during the examination. The research included estimating the ESDpp surface admission dose in the presence of the patient as well as measuring the ESDpa surface entry dose by the absence of the patient and the same previous conditions of voltage and exposure (mAs), background scattering factor for the rays, and calculating the glandular dose rate (AGD) after finding the value of the conversion factor appropriate to the test conditions Given in the standard tables (Ec. 1996a), quality assurance measurements. The paper was done using (Dosimax) and the ionization room (Unfors). The study was conducted in Baghdad Teaching Hospital and Alzafaranya Hospital using two advanced Giotto devices, and it included a number of patients (20 patients) by (10 patients) in each hospital and used compressed breast thickness (CBT) of 60 cm, 70 cm respectively in each of the two sites. The study showed that the maximum values of the ESDpp and ESDpa surface admission dose measured using the (Dosimax) device and the ionization chamber, respectively, do not exceed its value (21mGy). The mean glandular dose rate AGD, the maximum values are (4.1mGy).
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