Simulating chromatin is crucial for predicting genome organization and dynamics. Even though coarse-grained bead-spring polymer models are commonly used to describe chromatin, the relevant bead dimensions and elastic parameters are unknown. Using publicly available nucleosome-resolution contact probability (Micro-C) data, we systematically coarse-grain chromatin and predict quantities essential for polymer representation of chromatin. We compute size distributions of chromatin beads for different coarse-graining scales, quantify fluctuations and distributions of bond lengths between neighboring regions, and derive effective spring constant values. Unlike the prevalent notion, our findings argue that coarse-grained chromatin beads must be considered as soft particles that can overlap, and we propose an overlap parameter. We also compute angle distributions between neighboring bonds giving insights into intrinsic folding and local bendability of chromatin. While nucleosome-linker DNA bond angle naturally emerges from our work, we show that there are two populations of local structural states. The bead sizes, bond lengths, and bond angles show different mean behavior at Topologically Associating Domain (TAD) boundaries and TAD interiors. Our findings provide important insights for building coarse-grained chromatin models that are consistent with different physical properties.
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