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Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) is one of the most powerful tools for the study of batteries. The applied AC current, range of frequency sweep, points per decade represented, length of the pause time after a change in the state of charge (SOC) and length of the pause time after a change in the ambient temperature must have suitable values to obtain useful results from EIS tests. A method to determine and optimize these parameters is presented in this paper. It is based on the limits imposed by the battery, the tests carried out, the instruments employed and the use of Kramers-Kronig relations. The method has been checked using two kinds of lithium batteries: a lithium iron phosphate (LFP) battery and a lithium cobalt oxide (LCO) battery.

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Inorganic nanoparticles are a fascinating class of materials which promise great potential in numerous fields, including optical (bio)sensing. Many different kinds of such nanoparticles have been widely used for fluorescent sensing and imaging due to the different merits of fluorescent nanoparticles compared to molecular fluorophores.Progress made in the rational design of nanomaterials also allowed the synthesis of hybrid phosphorescent nanoparticles, that finds growing applications in sensing due to the combination of the interesting size-and shape-dependent properties of nanomaterials with a phosphorescence-type emission.In this review, we intend to highlight some of progress made in this active research area and update the database of various phosphorescent nanoparticles-based sensors on the basis of different sensing targets of interest in environmental, industrial and biomedical areas.Following an introduction and a discussion of merits of the synergy between nanomaterials and phosphorescence detection as compared to molecular luminophores the article assesses the kinds and specific features of nanomaterials often used in phosphorescence sensing. Specific examples on the use of phosphorescence nanoparticles in chemical sensing and bioimaging are given next. A final section intends to provide an overview of the prospects of such type of nanomaterials in the design of future devices for analytical chemistry.