FILIPČÍK, R., VÁGENKNECHTOVÁ, M., HOŠEK, M., JARINKOVIČOVÁ, L.: The eff ect of the age of dogs on their ejaculate. Acta univ. agric. et silvic. Acta univ. agric. et silvic. Mendel. Brun., 2011, LIX, No. 3, pp. 45-50 The eff ect of the age of dogs on quantitative and qualitative parameters of the ejaculate was explored. We evaluated 43 dogs; from each dog we collected three samples on three successive days. The dogs were divided into three age categories: 1.5-2 years; 2-3 years; and 3-5 years. The maximum ejaculate volume was collected from dogs of 2-3 years of age; the average volume of ejaculate from 3 collections was 9.1 ml. Microscopic examinations of the ejaculate of this age category of dogs showed that the highest average sperm concentration was 153.62. . In older dogs the ejaculate volume decreased considerably with increasing frequency of collections (8 ml > 5 ml > 2 ml at the 3 rd collection). The amount of motile sperm was the highest in 3 to 5-year-old dogs (76%) and was related with the highest proportion of morphologically normal sperm (66.8%). However in the 3 rd collection of this age category we saw a signifi cant (P < 0.05) increase in the amount of pathologically changed sperm (29.5 < 28.8 < 41.2%), mostly in the structure of the fl agellum. Signifi cant diff erences in the quantity and quality of the ejaculate were discovered not only among the age categories of the dogs but also among the individual collections. dog ejaculate, volume of ejaculate, sperm activity, sperm concentrationThe number of breeders involved in dog breeding is relatively high. However if the owner of the dog is to be a successful breeder his dog must produce a suffi cient amount of good-quality ejaculate capable of fertilisation. The fertility of dogs can be evaluated in two ways. The breeder may wait to see if the bitch will conceive a er mating or if she gives birth to pups. However, such an approach is unprofessional; for reproduction purposes the breeder should use only dogs whose qualitative and quantitative parameters of the ejaculate had been examined. The birth of pups should be taken as the fi nal confi rmation of the fertility of the dog. DEIBEL et al. (1976), DUNPHY (1989), RIGAU et al. (2001) evaluated the basic qualitative parameters of the canine ejaculate. According to KUTZLER (2005) the optimal room temperature for ejaculate collection is 20 °C; the colour, volume, motility, concentration and morphological structure of the ejaculate should be evaluated. GUNAY et al. (2003) evaluated the sperm fraction of the ejaculate of seven German shepherd dogs. On one day the ejaculate was collected twice within 60 minutes. Between the fi rst and the second collection the authors discovered statistically signifi cant (P < 0.05) diff erences in the volume of the ejaculate and sperm concentration, but not in the motility, live sperm count and amount of morphological changes in the sperm structure. SCHAFER et al. (1997) collected canine ejaculates twice a week over a period of 6 months and they discovered si...
VÁGENKNECHTOVÁ, M., HOŠEK, M., MÁCHAL, L., CHLÁDEK, G.: The infl uence of external and internal factors on the quality of semen collection and qualitative indicators of semen in the dog (Canis familiaris). Acta univ. agric. et silvic. Mendel. Brun., 2011, LIX, No. 6, pp. 373-380 The infl uence of external and internal factors on the course of semen collection and quality of ejaculate has been evaluated in this work. This observation included 30 dogs of various breeds, each of which we collected 3 ejaculates from within one week (fi rst, third and fi h day). The internal factors included the weight of the dog, order of semen collection and the age of the dog. The external factors included type of housing, utilization of the dog, point of the collection and type of nutrition. Average length of preparation of a dog for a collection and onset of sexual refl ex was 95.7 sec. The observations showed that none of the evaluated internal factors had any infl uence on the length of preparation for the semen collection. The largest volume of ejaculate was collected from the fi rst collection (10.5cm 3 ), at the second collection it was 8.9 cm 3 and the third one the volume was the smallest -with only 6.6 cm 3 . The average volume of 8.7 cm 3 was found in the whole set of observed dogs. No statistically conclusive diff erence was found among groups. The average activity of sperm in the observed set was 68.8%. Activity declined from the fi rst to the third collection from 73% to 65.5%. The diff erence in sperm activity was not statistically conclusive in any indicator. Sperm concentration in whole set of dogs was 143.6 10 3 .mm −3 and was not signifi cantly aff ected by any monitored internal factors. The longest preparation for the collection was found in dogs housed in pens (134.4 sec), dogs living in households (84.7 sec) and the shortest preparation was needed in dogs with freedom of movement. The longest onset of sexual refl exes was found in Police forces dogs, then family dogs and sport dogs (130.0 sec, 97.8 sec and 68.3 sec). In dogs collected in laboratory, the emergence of sexual refl ex was longer (110.7 sec) than in dogs collected in their own natural environment (80.7 sec). The average length of the whole ejaculation was 396.0 sec in the whole set of dogs. The longest ejaculation was found in dogs held home (468.0 sec), the shortest in dogs with freedom of movement (290.0 sec). Family dogs had the longest ejaculation time, Police forces dogs had the shortest. The highest volume of semen was found in dogs kept in households (11.0 cm 3
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