The work is devoted to the search for plastics used in 3D printing, which have pronounced piezo optic properties. A review of the works devoted to the study of various characteristics of plastics is performed. It is established that there is currently no data on the piezoelectric properties of consumables for 3D printing. The various brands of plastics widely represented on the market are analyzed. Between them, those that transmit light well were selected. Experimental studies of widely available transparent plastics were performed. The photoelasticity method is used in the work. Several grades of plastics with birefringence have been identified. In the future, it is planned to use these materials for printing models of nodes of spatial structures on a 3D printer in order to obtain stress fields in them.
The paper considers the issue of residual stresses in 3D-printed plastic models. Most additive technologies create residual stresses in products. Residual stresses occur in the printed material due to its expansion when heated and contraction when cooled. Residual stresses and their intensity depend on the printing technology and technique. The paper discusses the impact of printing techniques and various printing nozzle diameters and model shapes (rectangular, circular) on the occurrence of residual stresses in specimens. As part of the study, in transparent models, residual stresses were detected using a PPU-7 polarization-projection unit. Two series of six specimens each have been printed. The first and second series models had the shape of a parallelepiped and a disk, respectively. The frequency-division multiplexing technology was chosen. In the study, the models were manufactured from a polyethylene terephthalate-glycol plastic filament. This material has a high optical sensitivity. Nozzles of two diameters (0.4 and 1 mm) were used to print specimens. Shell-less and singleand double-shell specimens were printed. The dependence of residual stresses on the specimen shape, the printing nozzle diameter, and the model shell thickness has been estimated. The study is focused on finding a technique for printing models from plastic filament, completely free of residual stresses in the specimen material. This is dictated by the photoelasticity requirements for piezo-optical materials, including some transparent plastics used in 3D printing.
In connection with the use of ice as a building material, it is interesting to study its strength characteristics. To increase the strength of ice, the ice matrix was reinforced by adding various materials of natural origin. The greatest significance in this study is the assessment of the stress-strain state of ice composites. The possibility of the photoelasticity method applimentation to obtain stress fields in ice composites was considered. Due to the lack of data about the piezo-optical properties of ice, we performed numerous studies in this direction. As a result of research, it was found that it is not possible to quantify the piezo-optical properties of ice, because ice has a low optical sensitivity, high brittleness, and the ability to melt at room temperature. It is possible to qualitatively characterize stress fields, identify stress concentrators, and describe the effect of reinforcing materials on the stress state of the ice matrix using the photoelasticity method. The use of ice-composite materials in the Arctic is a promising direction.
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