The blockchain functions as a decentralized and collectively maintained ledger that allows anyone to contribute. It provides a secure and readily accessible source of information concerning farms, inventories, and contracts in the agricultural sector, where acquiring such data can sometimes be costly. By tracing the origin of food, blockchain technology supports the establishment of trustworthy food supply chains and fosters trust between producers and consumers. Its reliable data storage capabilities enable the implementation of data-driven solutions to enhance farming practices. Furthermore, when combined with smart contracts, blockchain technology facilitates prompt payments by linking them to recorded data changes within the blockchain.
Background: Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) is defined as "symptoms of disturbed perception, thought content, mood or behavior that frequently occur in patients with dementia. " Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia is associated with significant caregiver burden, early institutionalization, and rapid cognitive decline. The worldwide prevalence of dementia is 5-7%; whereas in India, it is reported to be 0.8-4%. Alzheimer's dementia amounts to 60% of the total prevalence of dementia. We aim to study the neuroimaging correlates of BPSD in Alzheimer's dementia. Objective: To study the correlation between BPSD with white matter changes on neuroimaging in Alzheimer's dementia. Materials and methods: It is a cross-sectional study with a sample size of 30 patients. The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) changes were seen using volumetric analysis and white matter hyperintensity change using Fazekas scale, global cortical atrophy (GCA) score, medial temporal atrophy (MTA) score, and KOEDAM scale. Results: It was found that clinical dementia rating (CDR) scale has positive correlation with Fazekas, GCA, and KOEDAM. Addenbrooke's cognitive examination (ACE-3) has correlation with GCA. On neuropsychiatric inventory (NPI) questionnaire, depression followed by nighttime behavior were the most common BPSD symptoms. Sociodemographic factors such as age >65 years, middle socioeconomic status (SES) population, and urban population have higher mean neuropsychiatric inventory-frequency and severity (NPI-F*S) scores. Conclusion:Our study here in concordance with other studies worldwide gives a clue about the role of neuroimaging biomarkers in understanding BPSD in terms of its neuroimaging correlates and builds the scope of future studies in this domain. The study sheds light on the common presentation of BPSD, which adds to our knowledge in clinical assessment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. Finally, it also adds to our understanding of the role of sociodemographic factors in predicting the at risk population.
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