The use of colloidal solutions of metals as micronutrients enhances plant resistance to unfavorable environmental conditions and ensures high yields of food crops due to the active penetration of nanoelements into the plant cells.Microbiological examination of rhizosphere soil have revealed that combined use of colloidal solution of nanoparticles of molybdenum (CSNM, 8 mg/l), and microbial preparation for pre-sowing inoculation of chickpea seeds stimulates the development of ‘agronomically valuable’ microflora. It was shown that combined seed treatment with colloidal solution of Mo nanoparticles with microbial preparation have stimulated nodule formation per plant by four times compared to controls. Single treatment with CSNM increased the number of nodules by two times, while the treatment of microbial preparation have not significantly affected the number of nodules per plant.PACSColloids, 82.70.Dd; Ecology, 87.23.-n
Aim. B. thuringiensis (Bt) are gram-positive spore-forming aerobic or facultative anaerobic bacteria able to form during sporulation species specific crystal-like inclusions of protein nature, consisting of particular thermolabile d-endotoxins. Serological Bt variants produce different entomotoxins; their synthesis in many respects depends on the conditions of cultivation. There was accumulated a vast information on the entomotoxins, their origin, synthesis, structure, toxic properties and mechanisms of action on insects. These bacteria are dominating in the microbiomethods of pest control in plants and animals. There are more than 70 serovariants of Bt selectively specific to the definite groups of host insects. However, the description of new variants not always looks justified considering the phylogenetic systematization based on phenotype signs. Methods. A comparative phylogenetic analysis of the Bt intraspecific interrelations was performed on the basis of the cloned 16S rRNA genes of entomopathogenic bacteria BtH1, BtH10, BtH14. Results. The phylogenetically homogeneous lines were investigated – a homology of 16S rRNA of the strains 1 and 10 ranged from 90,0 to 94,0 %; no distinct genetic isolation among the strains of 14th and 10th serovars was revealed. Conclusions. The comparison of nucleotides sequences of 16S rRNA has shown the existence of strains polymorphism within the group of entomopathogens BtH1, BtH10, BtH14, connected with their entomocide activit
НАПРЯМИ, ДОСЯГНЕННЯ ТА ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ БІОТЕХНОЛОГІЇ У ХАРЧОВІЙ ПРОМИСЛОВОСТІ У статті проведено аналітичний скринінг можливостей біотехнологіїу харчовій промисловості. Представлено основні напрями застосування біотехнологічних дослідж ень і розробок, охарактеризовано доцільність та актуальність використання генної інженерії, спеціалізованих штамів мікроорганізмів та ферментних препаратів при виробництві харчової продукції з функціональною спрямованістю, високим рівнем якості та безпечності. Сформульовано найважливіші вимоги та критерії вибору біотехнологічної складової для різних областей харчової галузі. Узагальнено наукові досягнення біотехнології та генної інженерії, які сприяють розвитку інновацій у створенні продуктів для здорового харчування, дають можливість реалізації потенціалу цього напряму.
The purpose. Study of physiological state of soft winter wheat at different stages of organogenesis by determination of amount and activity of chlorophyll pigment in probed plants and response of these cultivars to conditions of overwintering. Methods. The method is used of photoinduction of fluorescence of chlorophyll pigment which enables in field conditions to determine amount of chlorophyll pigment and photosynthetic rate of 7 cultivars of soft winter wheat. Results. The essential variance in amount and activity of chlorophyll pigment between cultivars at different stages of organogenesis is determined. The opportunity of estimation of winter-hardiness by means of method of induction of fluorescence of chlorophyll pigment is shown. Key words: fluorescence of chlorophyll pigment, photosynthesis, high quality variance, winter-hardiness.One of the modern and informative methods for determining the impact of environmental factors and physiological condition of agricultural crops is the use of a chlorophyll fluorescence analysis. Due to the fact that biochemical reactions causing photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence are the main channels of conversion synthesized by absorbing light energy and transfer it to the photosynthetic reaction centers, rapid diagnosis of the physiological condition of plants makes it possible to obtain important information about the photosynthetic apparatus of plants [1].The principle underlying the chlorophyll fluorescence analysis is relatively simple. Light energy absorbed by the molecules of chlorophyll in the leaves, can go one of three ways: to be used for photosynthesis (photochemistry), the excess energy can be dissipated as heat, or may re-emitted as fluorescence of chlorophyll. These three processes are in competition, any increase in efficiency will reduce one out of two others. Thus, by measuring chlorophyll fluorescence output can be obtained information about changes in the photochemistry efficiency and heat dissipation. Although the total amount of chlorophyll fluorescence is very small (only 1 -2% of the absorbed light), measure it quite easily. Fluorescence spectrum different from the absorbed light with a peak fluorescence emission of longer wavelength than absorption. Thus, the yield of fluorescence can be quantified by lighting a leaf with light of a certain wavelength and measuring the amount of reflected light [2,3,4].In most research to measure parameters of photosynthesis plants use indicator of rapid fluorescence, scilicet of energy, which is not entered in the response of photosynthesis and is not passed in the heat after absorbing a photon cell [5]. The dependence of the fluorescence of time after the start of lighting called chlorophyll fluorescence induction curve (IFH) or induction curve [6,7].Photosynthesis -the process that provides the cell energy, so saving photosynthetic activity in terms of physiological stress in many cases determines the resistance of plants to adverse environmental factors. The focus of research was aimed at studying plant re...
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