The article presents the results of a study of the acoustic characteristics of the voice in voice professionals and non-voice professionals. We examined 80 people aged 23 to 45 years with functional dysphonia of the hypotonic type, who applied to the phoniatric office of the St. Petersburg Research Institute of ENT. Of these, 23 were professional vocalists, 12 were representatives of speech professions, and 45 were non-professional voices. First, the phoniatrist examined the larynx and assessed its condition with video endostroboscopy (K. Storz) or video pharyngolaryngoscopy (VIVIDEO, KayPentax). Objective acoustic analysis was performed using the Multi-Speech software and hardware complex and the MDVP software (KayPentax). The numerical and graphical expressions of the following parameters were evaluated: noise-to-harmonic ratio (NHR), voice turbulence index (VTI), and soft phonation index (SPI). The results of the study showed that the SPI index is the most informative in assessing hoarseness in patients with hypotonic functional dysphonia. The lower values of this indicator in vocalists can be explained by the presence of a sufficiently developed resonator system of the vocal apparatus, which is reflected in the amplification of the high-frequency components of the voice spectrum.
Diagnosis and treatment of laryngeal diseases in vocalists remains one of the most important tasks of otorhinolaryngology. One of the causes of vocal dysfunction in vocalists is functional dysphonia. Among the factors leading to the development of functional disorders of the larynx, a significant role is given to non-compliance with the vocal regime and vocal technique. The high frequency of voice function disorders among vocalists and the existing diagnostic difficulties determine the relevance of this problem and the need for further research. Objectives: Improvement of the effectiveness of diagnostics of laryngeal diseases and phonopedic rehabilitation in vocalists by identifying the features of the mechanism of voice-leading while the larynx is in a vocal position and the use of the individual vocal technique. Materials and methods: An examination of 10 vocalists with complaints of impaired vocal function was conducted. The age of the patients ranged from 18 to 43 years. The method includes performing video endolaryngoscopy and video stroboscopic endolaryngoscopy using a flexible video rhino-pharynx-laryngoscope during functional tests. Simultaneously with the endoscopy of the larynx, an audio recording of the voice followed by computer acoustic analysis was done. Conclusions: This method makes it possible to evaluate the patient’s phonation in a vocal position and when using various vocal techniques, as well as to determine objective acoustic indicators. The results obtained are necessary for the selection of phonopedic correction methods. The proposed method increases the effectiveness of the diagnosis of laryngeal diseases and phonopedic rehabilitation in vocalists.
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