Information on the peculiarities of contaminant elements accumulation by cultivated and wild-growing plants in the zone of influence of Belinvesttorg-Splav LLC (Beloozersk), whose emissions into the air contain hazardous pollutants, including (heavy metals) HM, is presented. Analysis of the degree of elements accumulation by agricultural plants was carried out in comparison with subregional background values and permissible levels of veterinary and sanitary rules for ensuring the safety of feed, feed additives and raw materials for the production of mixed feed. As the main criterion for assessing the degree of contamination of HM leaves of wild plants, indicators of their background concentrations, as well as world averages, were used. The established aero lead pollution of cultivated agricultural plants in the sanitary protection zone of Belinvesttorg- Splav LLC and in the adjacent lands repeatedly exceeds the background and sanitary-hygienic values. Among the wild plant species studied the most sensitive indicators of aerogenic pollution are: among the woody plants – common pine (needles), in the group of bushes and shrubs – white mistletoe and common raspberry, among herbaceous plants – dioica nettle. Research results testify to the necessity of sanitary protection zone extension for Belinvesttorg-Splav LLC at least up to 1000 m (especially – according to the rose of prevailing winds) and cessation of agricultural activities within it.
We obtained data on radial migration of pollutant elements in soils of spruce, birch and black alder forests that had been subjected to air-dust contamination with lead-containing wastes. This waste was stored in a waste dump during 2015–2018 and then the waste was moved to a special landfill. We sampled each layer of soil and forest litter at intervals of 2 cm. The study area has strongly and moderately acidic, non-saturated, medium and low-humus, well-drained forest soils. We used the element concentration (or anomaly) coefficient and the radial contrast coefficient to assess the TM migration activity. The highest levels of contamination are characteristic of forest litter. The intensity of element accumulation in litter is determined by two factors: the size of the litter itself and the distance of the sample site from the emission source. Well developed spruce litter is a biogeochemical barrier, which significantly reduces the risk of pollution of the humus horizon of soils with cadmium and lead, as well as the flow of metals into deeper soil layers and groundwater. At the same time, the migration mobility of iron, nickel and, to some extent, copper remains. The poorly size litter of birch and black-alder forests has less pronounced protective properties.
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