Precancerous processes of the female reproductive system continue to be an issue that is being actively studied, despite the successes of recent years. One of the key prognostic factors is the characterization of the receptor set, primarily the mammary gland and endometrium, namely estrogen (ER), progesterone (PR), epidermal growth factor-2 (HER2) receptors. Purpose – to identify the features of the distribution of estrogen, progesterone and epidermal growth factor receptors in the tissues of the endometrium, cervix and mammary gland with a combination of HIV infection and alcohol abuse. Fifty women of reproductive age from 20 to 40 years were studied. After routine conduction and immunohistochemical staining, ER and PR expression were determined by a modified D.Allred scale. HER2 expression was determined by a semi-quantitative method. The obtained digital data were statistically processed. A morphometric study indicates that the combination of HIV infection and alcohol abuse significantly affects the distribution of receptors in the female reproductive system. To a greater extent, the overall score is reduced by reducing the number of cellular elements with the expression of ER and PR. HER2 receptor expression is significantly reduced in the endometrium and mammary gland. These changes may be facilitated by atrophic changes in these organs, which occurs in immunodeficiency. According to the D.Allred scale, the mean score decreases from 5.45±0.63 to 3.10±0.88 in the endometrium, from 4.68±0.65 to 2.47±0.58 in the cervix, from 6.57±0.67 to 3.57±0.77 in the mammary gland (p<0.05). HER2 expression decreased from 3.24±0.47 to 2.21±0.23 in the endometrium, from 3.43±0.66 to 2.36±0.32 in the mammary gland (p<0.05). The development of immunodeficiency is characterized by the restructuring of female reproductive organs with a change in the receptor set of the endometrium, cervix and mammary gland and a decrease in both the qualitative and quantitative composition of the receptors, which may serve as a prerequisite for the development of a triple-negative phenomenon in tumors of these organs.
In the practice of doctors of many specialties, immunohistochemical research methods are widely used. The aim of our work was to determine the combined effect of alcohol abuse and HIV infection on the immunohistochemical parameters of fallopian tube receptors. We have studied sectional material obtained from 100 women of reproductive age (from 20 to 40 years). The received materials were divided into 4 groups. The first group consisted of sectional material of 25 women who had confirmed HIV infection. The second group included sectional material of 25 women suffering from chronic alcoholism. The third group consisted of a sectional material of 25 women in whom HIV infection was combined with alcoholism. The fourth (control) group included sectional material of 25 women without HIV infection and alcoholism. The result of the study shows that the balance between the processes of apoptosis and anti-apoptosis is disturbed in all three studied groups, while the phenomena of apoptosis prevail in the group of people suffering from alcoholism. At the same time, the processes of anti-apoptosis are most suppressed in HIV-infected women. The processes of stress restructuring of the fallopian tube were most pronounced in the group of women who abused alcohol. We concluded that the combined effect of alcohol abuse and HIV infection leads to a significant change in the immunohistochemical parameters of the fallopian tube tissue receptors. Keywords: chronic alcoholism, HIV infection, fallopian tube.
Women's health is always the focus of physicians and society. Some physiological features of women's anatomy and physiology determine their specific response to chronic alcohol intoxication, which is better studied for the ovaries, uterus and mammary glands. The study was conducted to examine the effect of excessive long-term alcohol abuse by women of reproductive age on the structural and functional state of their fallopian tubes. The study was based on sectional material from 25 women with chronic alcohol intoxication, with alcoholic cirrhosis of the liver, but without other existing comorbidities. Possible destructive-sclerotic changes of the fallopian tubes were studied. It was found that in such women the ampullary section of the fallopian tube is significantly shorter by 7.55%. At the same time, there is also a decrease in the outer diameter in the area of the transition of the isthmus to the ampullary department by 17.62% and a narrowing of the lumen area of the ampullary department by 13.14%. Sclerotic-destructive changes were found in the epithelium and in the muscular layer of the fallopian tube. The relative amount of connective tissue in women of the study group was higher than in women in the control group by about 4 times. Immunohistochemical examination of samples of uterine tube section material was also performed, during which signs of stress adjustment of the fallopian tube under the influence of chronic alcohol intoxication and markers of apoptosis, increased p53 protein activity in the study group (this protein acts as a transcription factor and regulates cells). The study concluded that chronic alcoholism can certainly be a factor that causes a number of pronounced, profound, and sometimes irreversible changes in the structure of the fallopian tubes. Keywords: chronic alcoholism, morphofunctional consequences of intoxication, morphometry, immunohistochemistry.
Women with immunodeficiency conditions are a separate cohort of patients who need the close attention of doctors and social workers. The aim of the study was to determine the distribution of CD68 and CD3 immune cells in the cervix of women with infectious and non-infectious immunodeficiency, namely, HIV infection, chronic alcoholism and their combination. Research groups were formed based on the results of autopsies of 100 women of reproductive age, 25 cases in each group: a group with HIV infection, a group with chronic alcoholism, a group with a combination of HIV infection and alcoholism, and a comparison group. An immunohistochemical study was performed with monoclonal antibodies to CD68 and CD3. During the research it was established that the CD68 and CD3 immune cells distribution in the cervix of women with infectious and non-infectious immunodeficiency is characterized by a decrease in CD68 in the epithelial layer of both groups of HIV-infected women (up to (1.06±0.13) cells/mm2 for the group without alcoholism and up to (1.09±0.11) cells/mm2 in the group in combination with alcoholism), while in the group of women who abuse alcohol, this indicator increased to (1.96±0.15) cells/mm2 (p<0.05). In the stroma, the accumulation of CD68-positive cells tends to decrease in all groups. The dynamics of the distribution of CD3-positive cells in different zones of the cervix is characterized by their decrease in the epithelium of HIV-infected groups, while in women who abuse alcohol their number is increased (p<0.05) to (3.86±0.14) cells/mm2. Simultaneously, stroma infiltration of all three groups with HIV is characterized by a significant increase in CD3-positive cells to (8.13±0.79), (9.89±0.57) and (9.04±0.75) cells/mm2 for groups with HIV infection, abuse alcohol and the combination of chronic alcoholism and HIV infection, respectively (p<0.05). Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the CD68 and CD3 immune cells distribution in the cervix of women with infectious and non-infectious immunodeficiency is characterized by variability depending on the nature of the immunodeficiency. Keywords: cervical mucosa, immune response, HIV-infection, alcoholism, lymphocytes.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.