This review considers the features of the catalysts with different nanoparticle structures architecture transformation under the various pre-treatment types. Based on the results of the publications analysis, it can be concluded that the chemical or electrochemical activation of bimetallic catalysts has a significant effect on their composition, microstructure, and catalytic activity in the oxygen reduction reaction. The stage of electrochemical activation is recommended for use as a mandatory catalyst pre-treatment to obtain highly active de-alloyed materials. The literature is studied, which covers possible variants of the structural modification under the influence of thermal treatment under different processing conditions. Additionally, based on the literature data analysis, recommendations are given for the thermal treatment of catalysts alloyed with various d-metals.
This article illustrates a thorough study of the microstructure
and electrochemical performance of Pt/C catalysts synthesized in the
liquid phase, with the reaction mixture being UV-irradiated or exposed
to CO molecules. It also examines the microstructure of the Pt/C materials
formed during various stages of the liquid-phase synthesis. The materials
obtained under the conditions of UV irradiation and a CO atmosphere
are established to have mass-activity values in the oxygen reduction
reaction (ORR) 1.2–2 times higher than those of the commercial
analogue. The catalysts obtained are highly stable during the long-term
stress testing and more active in the ORR after the stress testing
than the commercial analogues. Therefore, “embedding”
additional factors of influence (the UV irradiation and the CO purging)
into the process chain of the liquid-phase synthesis is shown to result
in optimizing the microstructure of the Pt/C catalysts, thus increasing
their functional characteristics.
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