Experiments on scintillator-based detection of negative daemons, DArk Electric Matter Objects, representing Planckian supermassive ( ∼2⋅10 -5 g) particles, whose population has been detected in March 2000 to populate near-Earth, almost circular, heliocentric orbits (NEACHOs), are being continued. The NEACHO objects hit the Earth with a velocity ∼10-15 km/s. The results of these and new experiments (April through June 2001) are now processed taking into account the difference in scintillation signal shape depending on the magnitude and sign of the velocity of the daemons crossing our detector, which was purposefully made asymmetric with respect to the up/down direction of flight. The data accumulated during the time of the experiment and processed in this way reveal also the presence of (1) a high-velocity (~35-50 km/s) daemon population whose objects can be related to a population in the Galactic disk and/or that in strongly elongated, Earthcrossing heliocentric orbits (SEECHOs), as well as (2) a low-velocity ( ∼3-10 km/s) population in geocentric Earth-surface-crossing orbits (GESCOs), whose objects traverse repeatedly the Earth to suffer a decrease in velocity by ∼30-40% in a month in the process.An evolutionary relation between all these three (four?) populations is discussed. Assumptions concerning their manifestations in further observations are put forward.An analysis of possible interaction processes of daemons, which may have different velocities and directions of motion, with the detector components [ZnS(Ag) scintillator layers, 0.3-mm thick tinned-iron sheets etc.] on the atomic (emission of Auger electrons) and nuclear (nucleon evaporation from a nucleus excited in the capture and, subsequently, the decay of its protons) levels has permitted estimation of some characteristic times. In particular, the decay time of a daemon-containing proton was found to be ∼1 µs.
It is shown experimentally that the main processes first causing breakdown of the sliding solid contact (SSC) carrying large currents are not two-dimensional processes of the velocity skin-effect type, but pinch instabilities developing in the contact interface. Electromagnetic and electrothermal explosive ejection of ionized material of low-mass pinch waists ignite parasite-shunting arcs behind and ahead of the armature under acceleration. Thus one has to speak of transition into arcing mode not of the SSC alone, but of the launch process as a whole.It has been noted that during the transition into the arcing mode the solid armature begins to behave as a hybrid armature of pulling type. At this operation mode, two stable arcs appear, due to pinch cords moving forward along the contact surfaces, which are fixed to both contact surfaces of the armature near their leading edges. Consequently, the armature main body is accelerated under the action of internal tensile forces originating in its leading part where the I × B forces are applied.
The reasons for the heavy mass losses usually observed to occur from various parts of recovered solid armatures, even in cases where there was no transition, remain unclear. We earlier suggested that the losses could result from strong non-uniformities in the distribution of thermodynamic, electrical and dynamic parameters in the body of the accelerating armature, the so-called TED effects. As a consequence, some surface areas of the armature can break away from the main body to be either ejected forward or to lag behind by inertia. This paper presents ultra-high-speed camera sequences demonstrating continuous inertial mass loss from the root of a C-shaped armature, where local current concentration gives rise to a strong heating of the material. The mass loss is particularly intensive when launched on the rails coated by an In-Ga eutectic. This may imply that the current concentration is stronger in the rear part of the armature contact surfaces.
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