Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) caused by Leishmania chagasi is a growing public-health problem in many parts of the New World. Although several studies have focused on the consequences of environmental damage, human migration and land occupation on the incidence of VL, the effects on the disease of the substandard living conditions that often result from the process of urbanization have not been investigated in detail. The present study was based in the Brazilian city of Teresina, where, since 1980, there have been two large outbreaks of VL (one in 1981-1985 and the other in 1993-1996), each involving at least 1000 newly reported cases. The role of household structure and the provision of urban services in the city, as predictors of the occurrence of VL, was studied in a case-control investigation. After controlling for age, crowding, and the background incidence of VL in the area where the subjects lived, the risk of acquiring the disease was found to be significantly higher for those who lived in houses with an inadequate sewage system and those who had no regular rubbish collection. Improving household structure and providing basic urban services might be effective strategies for controlling the spread of VL in urban areas.
The ABO 3 mixed oxide class known for its perovskite-like structure has aroused great scientific and technological interest in recent decades, due to its optical, magnetic and conductive properties. The objective of this work was to search the articles and patent databases for papers that relate the activity of the alkaline earth metal stannates -BaSnO 3 , CaSnO 3 and SrSnO 3 as photocatalysts for environmental application. The databases researched were the Web of Science, Scopus and Scielo for articles and USPTO, EPO and INPI for patent banks. From the exclusion criteria, 21 review articles presented different experimental parameters and conditions. Due to the excellent photocatalytic performance, the stannates presented as promising candidates in the heterogeneous photocatalysis. A description of the main papers published in literature is provided for an overview of the literature data about these materials.A classe de óxidos mistos ABO 3 conhecida por sua estrutura do tipo perovskita vêm despertando grande interesse científicotecnológico nas últimas décadas, em função de suas propriedades ópticas, magnéticas e condutoras. Este trabalho teve por objetivo buscar, nos bancos de artigos e de patentes, trabalhos que relacionem a atividade fotocatalítica dos estanatos de metais alcalinos terrosos -BaSnO 3 , CaSnO 3 e SrSnO 3 como fotocatalisadores para aplicação ambiental. Os bancos de dados pesquisados foram o Web of Science, Scopus e Scielo para os artigos e USPTO, EPO e INPI para os bancos de patentes. A partir dos critérios de exclusão, 21 artigos de revisão apresentaram parâmetros e condições experimentais distintas. Devido ao excelente desempenho fotocatalítico, os estanatos apresentam-se como candidatos promissores na fotocatálise heterogênea. Palavras-chave: estanatos, perovskita, fotocatálise. *ieda@quimica.ufpb.br
Cento e sessenta alevinos de tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) (peso médio de 11,01±2,08 g e comprimento total de 7,8±0,18cm) condicionados em dezesseis aquários de 40 litros de água com temperatura de 29,1±0,413°C, densidade de estocagem de 0,25 alevinos/l e aeração constante, com o objetivo de avaliar a quantidade de luz no desempenho produtivo dos peixes. Os tratamentos consistiram dos fotoperíodos: T1= 6 horas de luz:18 horas de escuro (06HL:18HE), T2= 12HL:12HE, T3= 18HL:06HE e T4= 24HL:0HE, com quatro repetições cada. Os alevinos foram alimentados duas vezes ao dia, com ração comercial extrusada (28% de proteína bruta). Diariamente era trocado 40 vezes o volume total da água. Ao final de 32 dias, foi avaliado comprimento total, comprimento padrão, altura, consumo de ração, ganho de peso e sobrevivência. Os resultados demonstraram que os maiores fotoperíodos influenciaram de forma positiva o desempenho produtivo dos alevinos de tambaqui.
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