To solve the problem of long logistics delivery time in supply chain, a Mixed Integer Non-linear Program (MINLP) model is built by using Mixed Integer nonlinear programming theory. Firstly, the General algebraic modeling system (GAMS) is used to build the model to fully integrate each parameter of logistics transportation, the total distribution time of the supply chain network, the coverage radius of the logistics base, the number of users, the total capacity of the logistics base, the mode of railway and road transportation, the nonlinear programming model is built and solved by DICOPT solver in GAMS. The cost of logistics can be decreased, transportation time can be reduced, and the logistics system's operating efficiency can be increased in the long term with the help of this algorithm. The proper operation of the logistics system is critical in encouraging the supply chain circulation of various industries and has a direct impact on the society's economic development. The optimal logistics distribution plan with 5 logistics bases covered users of 18 and railway capacity of 2. With the same railway capacity and the same total budget, the larger the number of covered users, the greater the total distribution time increases, but the larger the total budget, the growth of the total distribution time slows down significantly. Experiments show that MINLP model can solve the problem of logistics-based layout optimization in nonlinear logistics management.

We investigate entanglement and quantum phase transition (QPT) in a two-dimensional Heisenberg anisotropic spin-1/2 XY model, using quantum renormalization group method (QRG) on a square lattice of N × N sites. The entanglement through geometric average of concurrences is calculated after each step of the QRG. We show that the concurrence achieves a non zero value at the critical point more rapidly as compared to one-dimensional case. The relationship between the entanglement and the quantum phase transition is studied. The evolution of entanglement develops two saturated values corresponding to two different phases. We compute the first derivative of the concurrence, which is found to be discontinuous at the critical point γ = 0, and indicates a second-order phase transition in the spin system. Further, the scaling behaviour of the system is investigated by computing the first derivative of the concurrence in terms of the system size. * Electronic address: kk@qau.edu.pk arXiv:1708.03365v1 [quant-ph]

No abstract

Over the last few decades, the cost of attending colleges in India have been rising steadily and students who enrol for various courses are forced to ?rely on some form of financial aid to finance their cost of tuition fees. The main forms of financial aids available are grants and loans that can be sourced through government or financial institutions. The main difference between the two sources is grants need not be repaid, whereas loans need to be. For families and students, it is more important for to pass/complete school and college in the same year, otherwise it increases the financial burden of the family. The students who are vulnerable to financial stress were found to earn lower grades and fewer credit hours. The students who experienced such interruption in academics have to consider reducing their course loads or dropping for a semester due to financial issues/concerns and reported higher stress from their personal finances. Students who perceived that worrying about money/ academic funding affected their academic performance were found to have poorer academic performances. In this study, the data was collected from samples by a set of research tools and analyzed using SPSS, and resulted in research findings and interpretations. The sampling technique used in this study is non-probability sampling. Convenient sampling was used to select the respondent from the samples. Accordingly, the sample size is 100 college students which were chosen by random sampling and further responses were analysed and interpreted.

We investigated numerically the dynamics of quantum Fisher information (QFI) and entanglement for three-and four-level atomic systems interacting with a coherent field under the effect of Stark shift and Kerr medium. It was observed that the Stark shift and Kerr-like medium play a prominent role during the time evolution of the quantum systems. The non-linear Kerr medium has a stronger effect on the dynamics of QFI as compared to the quantum entanglement (QE). QFI is heavily suppressed by increasing the value of Kerr parameter. This behavior was found comparable in the cases of three-and four-level atomic systems coupled with a non-linear Kerr medium. However, QFI and quantum entanglement (QE) maintain their periodic nature under atomic motion. On the other hand, the local maximum value of QFI and von Neumann entropy (VNE) decrease gradually under the Stark effect. Moreover, no prominent difference in the behavior of QFI and QE was observed for three-and four-level atoms while increasing the value of Stark parameter. However, three-and four-level atomic systems were found equally prone to the non-linear Kerr medium and Stark effect. Furthermore, three-and four-level atomic systems were found fully prone to the Kerr-like medium and Stark effect. and quantum information theory. Quantum entanglement (QE) was first studied by Schrodinge [9,10] as a basic phenomenon of quantum mechanics and it has no similarity with classical approach [11]. On the other hand, quantum correlations are used to calculate the quantum states of complex systems. The correlations of complex systems do not depend on the spatial separation of components, so the system behaves as a single system. Schrodinger explained that the information of different parts of the system would not contain the complete information of the whole system [11]. Thus, quantum correlations are the result of the quantum measurements that explain the solution and information of different physical systems such as Bell inequalities [12,13] and confirm the experimental segment of the spooky action at a distance. During the last few years, due to the extensive progress in the field of quantum information processing (QIP), the new field of quantum metrology has become important and prominent [14,15]. The importance of QE in a different process has led to the investigation of larger dimensional quantum systems and has shown an important and significant role in quantum systems of many particles [16]. Since the quantum systems are not completely closed, the dynamical response is observed when the system loses coherence due to interaction with the environment. During the interaction of a quantum system with the environment, the dynamics of the system behave as an open system. Hence, the study of the dynamics of different physical quantities, during the interaction between complex quantum systems and the environment, becomes very attractive and interesting. This interaction causes a quantum noise that creates fluctuations such as decoherence and dissipative dynamics that are not r...

No abstract

We have investigated numerically the dynamics of quantum Fisher information (QFI) and quantum entanglement (QE) for N-level atomic system interacting with a coherent field in the presence of Kerr (linear and non-linear medium) and Stark effects. It is observed that the Stark and Kerr effects play a prominent role during the time evolution of the quantum system. The evolving quantum Fisher information (QFI) is noted as time grows under the non-linear Kerr medium contrary to the QE for higher dimensional systems. The effect of non-linear Kerr medium is greater on the QE as we increase the value of Kerr parameter. However, QFI and QE maintain their periodic nature under atomic motion. On the other hand, linear Kerr medium has no prominent effects on the dynamics of N-level atomic system. Furthermore, it has been observed that QFI and QE decay soon under the influence of Stark effect. In short, the N-level atomic system is found prone to the change of the Kerr medium and Stark effect for higher dimensional systems.

This paper examines the effects of carbon emissions on the accounting and market-based performance of financial and non-financial firms in emerging economies. Data for 104 financial and 328 non-financial firms constituting 2591 observations operating in 22 emerging economies were collected from the Datastream database for the period 2011–2020. We applied OLS and 2SLS regression techniques to analyze the data. Results show that financial firms emit less carbon than their non-financial counterparts. The results further show that carbon emissions reduce firms’ return on equity, Tobin’s Q, Z-score, and credit rating. Our findings remain robust in different estimation techniques and alternative proxies of performance. Our results have some important policy implications for emerging economies.