The large-scale penetration of intermittent renewable energy (RE) sources such as wind and solar power generation may cause a problem of frequency aberration, power quality and instability to the system. This occurs when the load frequency control of interconnected system is unable to compensate the power balance between generation and load demand. To overcome these issues, this paper proposes a method to analyze the frequency stability of Hybrid Power System (HPS) through adaptive intelligent control techniques for delivering reliable power supply under the stochastic nature of RE and load demand. A recently developed physics-inspired Atom Search Optimization algorithm was applied for tuning the parameters of Fractional Order Proportional-Integral-Derivative controller for Automatic Load Frequency control of HPS. In addition, an effort was made to analyze the frequency stability of HPS using Matignon's theorem. The interconnected HPS consists of reheat thermal power system, RE sources such as wind and solar thermal power generation associated with energy storage devices namely aqua electrolyzer, fuel cell and electric vehicle. The gain and fractional terms of the controller were obtained by minimizing the Integral Time Absolute Error of interconnected system. The robustness of ASO-tuned FOPID controller is tested on two-area HPS that was modelled using MATLAB/Simulink. The results obtained were then compared with other fractional order and classical integer order controllers. From the simulation results, it is inferred that the proposed ASO-tuned FOPID controller gives superior transient and steady-state response compared with other controllers. Moreover, the self-adaptiveness and robustness of the controller was validated to account for the change in RE power generations and system parameters. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the method is proved by comparing its performance with the recent literature works. The real-time applicability of proffered controller is validated in hardware-in-the-loop simulation using Real Time Digital Simulator.
This study presents the analysis and design of a single phase power factor correction (PFC) scheme using a DC-DC single ended primary inductance converter with genetic algorithm (GA)-tuned proportional integral (PI) controllers. A systematic off-line design approach using GA for optimising the parameters of the PI controller is proposed and the performance is compared with the conventional Z-N tuned PI controller. The steady-state and transient responses of the converter subjected to a change in the load, set point and line variations are investigated. The performance analysis of the proposed converter in continuous conduction mode is made for the above-mentioned methods using Matlab/Simulink-based simulation studies and experimental set up. Results reveal that the GA-tuned PI controller yields superior performance to the Z-N tuned PI controller in terms of power factor, percentage total harmonic distortion, regulated output voltage for the variations in line, load and efficient tracking of output voltage for a change in the reference voltage.
In this study, the analysis and design of reduced-order sliding-mode controller (ROSMC) for power factor correction (PFC) in a three-phase system is presented. A new and systematic technique for the selection of sliding surface coefficients to implement ROSMC is attempted. The front end is a three-phase diode rectifier followed by DC-DC Cuk converter modules with the common DC output. Instantaneous symmetrical component theory is used for reference current generation. The control strategy uses three inner ROSMC current controllers for source current shaping and an outer voltage loop using proportional integral controller for load voltage regulation. The proposed method offers simple control strategy, fast transient response and power factor close to unity. To validate the proposed method, a prototype controlled by dSPACE 1104 signal processor is set up. Simulation and experimental results indicate that the proposed system offers regulated output voltage for wide load variations and power factor close to unity.
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