Using group theory we classify the nonlinear magneto-optical response at low-index surfaces of fcc antiferromagnets, such as NiO. Structures consisting of one atomic layer are discussed in detail. We find that optical second harmonic generation is sensitive to surface antiferromagnetism in many cases. We discuss the influence of a second type of magnetic atoms, and also of a possible oxygen sublattice distortion on the output signal. Finally, our symmetry analysis yields the possibility of antiferromagnetic surface domain imaging even in the presence of magnetic unit-cell doubling. 78.20.Ls, 75.30.Pd, 75.50.Ee,

The applicability of time-reversal symmetry to nonlinear optics is discussed, both from macroscopic (Maxwell equations) and microscopic (quantum theoretical) point of view. We find that only spatial operations can be applied for the symmetry classification of nonlinear optical processes in magnetic, in particular antiferromagnetic, materials. An example is given where both operations (time reversal and a spatial operation) can yield different results.Comment: To be published in Phys. Rev. B on Nov. 1, 200