No abstract

Novel bimetallic neutral [(C6F5)4PtCd(cyclen)] and [(C6F5)2(C⋮CPh)2PtCd(cyclen)] (1, 2) and cationic [(C6F5)2(bzq)PtCd(cyclen)](ClO4) (3) pentafluorophenylplatinum(II)−cadmium(II) derivatives have been prepared by treatment of the adequate anionic starting precursors [Pt(C6F5)2X2] n - (n = 2, X = C6F5, C⋮CPh; n = 1, X2 = bzq) with Cd(ClO4)2 and cyclen. X-ray diffraction studies on complexes 1, 2, and 3 show that they are stabilized by a short Pt→Cd donor acceptor bond and, additionally, in complex 2 the Cd center is also coordinated to the Cα of one of the two alkynyl groups. In contrast, treatment of the binuclear compound [NBu4]2[Pt2(μ-Cl)2(C6F5)4] with [Cd(cyclen)(MeOH)2](ClO4)2 afforded the tetranuclear derivative [Pt(C6F5)2Cl(μ-Cl)Cd(cyclen)]2 (4) (X-ray), in which Pt and Cd atoms are connected by a μ3-Cl bridging ligand, and the binuclear cadmium complex [Cd2(μ-Cl)2(cyclen)2](ClO4)2 (5) (X-ray), in which two “Cd(cyclen)” fragments are bridged by two chlorine atoms. The photoluminescent properties of complexes 1−3 have also been examined and compared with those of their corresponding anionic parent compounds [NBu4]2[Pt(C6F5)4], [PMePh3]2[Pt(C6F5)2(C⋮CPh)2], and [NBu4][Pt(C6F5)2(bzq)] (6).

Luminescent mono(pentafluorophenyl) cycloplatinated complexes [Pt(C^N-κC,N)(HC^N-κN)(C6F5)] [HC^N = Hthpy (2-(2-thienyl)pyridine) 2a, Hbt (2-phenylbenzothiazole) 2b, Hpq (2-phenylquinoline) 2c] have been prepared by C–H activation of a HC^N ligand in the corresponding [Pt(HC^N-κN)2(C6F5)2] (1a, 1b, 1c) complexes. Complexes 2 evolve in DMSO solution into solvate complexes and we present here successful routes for the synthesis of [Pt(C^N)(C6F5)(DMSO)] (C^N = thpy 3a, bt 3b). They have been fully characterized (X-ray for 1a, 1c, 2b, 3a and 3b), their electronic absorption and emission properties have been investigated and DFT and TD-DFT calculations for 1a, 1c, 2b and 3a have been carried out. Complexes 3a, 3b and [Pt(ppy)(C6F5)(DMSO)] 4 (Hppy = 2-phenylpyridine) show remarkable stability in a mixed DMSO-cellular medium and their cytotoxicity towards the human lung tumor (A549) and bronchial epithelial non-tumorigenic (NL20) cell lines has been evaluated by MTS assays. Their cellular localization in A549 and NL20 human cells and in mouse embryonic fibroblasts obtained from lungs (LMEFs) has also been investigated by fluorescence microscopy.

The reaction between (NBu(4))[Pt(bzq)(C(6)F(5))(2)] (1, bzq = 7,8-benzoquinolate) and AgClO(4) in a 1 : 1 molar ratio, in acetone, gives the polymer [{Pt(bzq)(C(6)F(5))(2)}Ag](n) (2). The reaction of 2 with equimolecular amounts of PPh(3) and SC(4)H(8) (tht) produces the bimetallic complexes [{Pt(bzq)(C(6)F(5))(2)}AgL] (L = PPh(3) (3), tht (4)). For L = py, decomposition takes place and [Pt(bzq)(C(6)F(5))py] (5) is obtained. All these complexes have been characterized by X-ray diffraction. The most interesting features of complexes 2-4 is the presence of Pt-Ag bonds, with Pt-Ag distances of ca. 2.75 Å. Besides, the silver centres establish short η(1) bonding interactions with the C(ipso) of the bzq ligands, with distances Ag-C of ca. 2.45 Å. Complex 2 is a one-dimensional infinite chain in which the fragments "Pt(bzq)(C(6)F(5))(2)(-)" and Ag(+) alternate. On the other hand, complexes 1 and 3-5 show intermolecular pairing through π···π interactions between the aromatic rings of the bzq ligand, having interplanar separations of ca. 3.5 Å. Complex 2 dissolves in donor solvents (acetone, THF) as discrete bimetallic solvated fragments [{Pt(bzq)(C(6)F(5))(2)}AgS(n)] (S = solvent), similar to complexes 3 and 4. The persistence of the Pt-Ag bond in 2-4, supported by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, causes a significant blue-shift in the lowest-lying absorption in relation to 1. This fact is attributed (TD-DFT) to a remarkable modification of the orbitals contributing to the HOMO, which changes the character of the transition from (1)LC/(1)MLCT in 1 to admixture (1)L'LCT/(1)MLCT in the bimetallic complexes. The low energy feature (490-530 nm) of 2 in solid state is attributed to CT from the Pt fragments to the Ag centers. Complexes 2-4 are only emissive in rigid media (solid and glasses). In the solid state, the metallic chain 2 exhibits a bright orange emission (560 nm, 298 K; 590 nm, 77 K), assigned to an excited state involving charge transfer from the platinum fragment with a remarkable contribution of C(6)F(5) (Ar(f)) rings to the Pt-Ag bond ((3)LMM'CT/(3)L'M'CT). However, 3 and 4 exhibit in solid state at 298 K a vibronic band, which is clearly resolved in two close non-equilibrated bands at 77 K in 3, tentatively ascribed to a mixture of (3)MLCT/(3)L'LCT transitions modified by the formation of the Pt-Ag bond. In glassy solution (77 K) 2-4 display a vibronic emission ascribed primarily to (3)LC character.

Hexanuclear complexes [Pt,Ag,(C=CR),] [R = Ph (1) or But (2)] have been obtained by treating [PtCl,(tht),] (tht = tetrahydrothiophene) with [Ag(C=CR)],( Pt/Ag 1 : 4). The complexes [Pt,M,(CrCR),] [M = Cu, R = Ph (3) or But (4); M = Au, R = But ( 5 ) ] were obtained from [Pt,Ag,( CzCR),] with CuCl or [AuCl(tht)] respectively. Alternatively, the reactions between [N Bu,],[Pt (CKR),] and AgCIO,, CuCI-NaCIO,, or [AuCl (tht)]-NaClO, yield respectively complexes (1)-(5). The molecular structure of [Pt,Ag,(C=CBut),]has been determined b y an X-ray diffraction study: monoclinic, space group C, with a = 37.062( 7), b = 12.0223( 16), c = 20.459(3) A, p = 107.485(15)0, Z = 6, R 0.041 6, R' 0.0465 for 5 61 3 reflections with F > 6o(F). The six metal atoms are arranged in a slightly irregular octahedron with the platinum atoms mutually trans and the silver atoms in the equatorial plane, with Pt A g and A gA g distances longer than 3.0 A.Each platinum atom is in an almost square-planar environment formed b y four C=CBut ligands. Each acetylenic fragment also forms an asymmetric n: interaction with one silver atom of the equatorial positions so that each silver atom is bonded to t w o acetylenic fragments, of two different Pt(C=CBut), moieties. These moieties of each [Pt,Ag,(C=C6ut),] unit are staggered.Substituted acetylides are very useful ligands in the syntheses of polynuclear derivatives. These usually contain metal-metal bonds and in such species the acetylides can either be coordinated to the cluster as terminal ligands, e.g. [Au6Pt(C= CBU')(PM~~)~][AU(C=CBU')~],~ or as bridging ligands, e.g.: p-(T in [ C U ~( C = C C ~H , M ~-~) ~R , ] , ~ p3-0 in [(Cu(PPh,)(C= CPh)}4],3 p-q2 in [CU,I~(C=CP~),(PP~~),],~ p3-q2 in[ Rh Ag , ( C=CC6 F 5 ) (PP h 3) 3], and p4-q in [R u ( C g P h)( p-

The homoleptic high-nuclearity platinum−copper acetylide complex of stoichiometry [PtCu2(C⋮CPh)4] crystallizes in at least three different polymorphic forms. Dark violet-green crystals with metallic reflectance have been shown by an X-ray diffraction study to be formed by discrete trimers of an hexanuclear octahedral cluster unit {[Pt2Cu4(C⋮CPh)8]}3 stabilized by two unsupported Pt−Pt interactions [2.995(1) Å]. The photoluminescence behavior of this complex which is dramatically influenced by strong axial Pt···Pt interactions either in solid state or in solution (CH2Cl2 298, 77 K) has been studied.

[Pt(bzq)Cl(CNR)] [bzq = benzoquinolinate; R = tert-butyl ((t)Bu 1), 2-6-dimethylphenyl (Xyl 2), 2-naphthyl (2-Np 3)] complexes have been synthesized and structurally and photophysically characterized. 1 was found to co-crystallize in two distinct pseudopolymorphs: a red form, which exhibits an infinite 1D-chain ([1](infinity)) and a yellow form, which contains discrete dimers ([1](2)), both stabilized by interplanar pi...pi (bzq) and short Pt...Pt bonding interactions. Complex 3, generated through the unexpected garnet-red double salt isomer [Pt(bzq)(CN-2-Np)(2)][Pt(bzq)Cl(2)] 4, crystallizes as yellow Pt...Pt dimers ([3](2)), while 2 only forms pi...pi (bzq) contacting dimers. Their electronic absorption and luminescence behaviors have been investigated. According to Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory (TD-DFT) calculations, the lowest-lying absorption (CH(2)Cl(2)) has been attributed to combined (1)ILCT and (1)MLCT/(1)ML'CT (L = bzq, L' = CNR) transitions, the latter increasing from 1 to 3. In solid state, while the yellow form [1](2) exhibits a green (3)MLCT unstructured emission only at 77 K, the 1-D form [1](infinity) displays a characteristic low-energy red emission (672 nm, 298 K; 744 nm, 77 K) attributed to a mixed (3)MMCT [d(sigma*)-->p(sigma)]/(3)MMLCT [dsigma*(M(2))-->sigma(pi*)(bzq)] excited state. However, upon exposure to standard atmospheric conditions, [1](infinity) shows an irreversible change to an orange-ochre solid, whose emissive properties are similar to those of the crude 1. Complexes 2 and 3 (77 K) exhibit a structured emission from discrete fragments ((3)LC/(3)MLCT), whereas the luminescence of the garnet-red salt 4 is dominated by a low energy emission (680 nm, 298 K; 730 nm, 77 K) arising from a (3)MMLCT excited state. Solvent (CH(2)Cl(2), toluene, 2-MeTHF and CH(3)CN) and concentration-dependent emission studies at 298 K and at 77 K are also reported for 1-3. In CH(2)Cl(2) solution, the low phosphorescent emission band is ascribed to bzq intraligand charge transfer (3)ILCT mixed with metal-to-ligand (L = bzq, L' = CNR) charge transfer (3)MLCT/(3)ML'CT character with the Pt to CNR contribution increasing from 1 to 3, according to computational studies.

Treatment of (NBu4)2[PtR4] (R = C6F5) with 1 or 0.5 equiv of TlNO3 in EtOH/H(2)O produces colorless crystals of trinuclear complex (NBu4)3[Tl{PtR4}2], 1, in which the Tl+ center is complexed by two [PtR4]2- fragments (Pt-Tl = 2.9777(4) and 3.0434(4) A). The expected mixed complex with a Pt/Tl composition of 1:1, 2, is generated as an orange microcrystalline solid by treating [PtR4]2- with a large excess of TlNO3 (approximately 8 equiv). Crystallographic analysis of 2 reveals the formation of a novel one-dimensional (1D) heterometallic linear chain (NBu4)(infinity)[Tl{PtR4}](infinity), 2, formed by alternating a [PtR4]2- fragment and a Tl+ center with a uniform Pt-Tl bond separation along the chain of 3.0321(2) A. Surprisingly, treatment of (NBu4)2[PtR4] with 1 equiv of TlPF6 in EtOH yields pale greenish-yellow needles of an unusual adduct, 2.{(NBu4)(PF6)}(infinity) (3), which was found to form a similar extended linear chain, {TlPtR4}(infinity), constructed by two alternating Pt-Tl separations, a shorter (3.1028(6) A) one and a longer (3.2306(6) A) one. The solid state and solution photophysical properties have been examined. While complex 1 shows a high-energy MM'CT blue phosphorescence (450 nm), the extended chain in 2 exhibits a lower-energy emission (582 nm) than that in adduct 3 (505 nm). For products 2 and 3, interesting luminescence thermochromism is observed in frozen solutions. The emissions are found to be strongly dependent on the solvent, concentration, and excitation wavelength.