In 2016, the mandatory use of biodiesel as a substitute fuel by up to 20%, as introduced by the Indonesian Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, forced vehicle manufacturers to invent suitable engines that would accept biodiesel. The use of biodiesel in such a large proportion is highly risky, particularly due to the formation of deposits in the combustion chamber engines. The previous method of fuel droplets are placed on a hot plate approach produces deposits are slightly different from those generated by a real engine, therefore to obtain realistic deposits it is necessary to modify this method so temperatures as hot as those in a real engine. In this study, the potential deposit formation of biodiesel fuel was examined by conducting the deposition process and the evaporation of fuel on a stainless-steel plate (SS), which was placed in a closed space. Deposit characterization was carried out on a hot plate using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The test results showed differences in the structures of the deposits produced by biodiesel and diesel fuel; fine structures were seen in the former, while those of the latter were rougher and more porous. Deposit results that are similar to what is seen in a real engine will be very helpful for knowing the patterns, structures, and mechanism of the formation of deposits in such an environment.
The usage of biodiesel has been encouraged by government based on the issuance of The Regulation of Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources No. 12/2015 on the supply, utilization, and administration of biofuels as other alternative fuels. This regulation sets mandatory biodiesel mixture by 30 percent for national energy consumption by 2025. But the usage of biodiesel with a larger percentage in diesel engines still leaves some problems with the decline of biodiesel fuel quality and the formation of deposits in combustion chamber and injectors. The purpose of this study is to compare biodiesel fuel (B20) with Hydrotreated Biodiesel (HBD) in an experiment by using fuel droplet method on a plate to observe the characteristics and mechanism of deposit formation. Plates are heated in few temperature variations in a sealed test rig so that the conditions are similar to the engine real conditions. Deposit growth of Hydrotreated Biodiesel as known as Hydrotreated Vegetable Oil (HVO) less better than Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME). It may occurred because the lubricity of HVO is very low due to the absence of sulfur and oxygen compounds in the fuel, that causes oxidation that can lead to deposits in the combustion chamber..
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