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A noise subspace process, based on the eigenvalue decomposition of an array correlation matrix, which uses an implementation of MUSIC algorithm in two dimensional (2-D) direction of arrival estimation (DOA) problems is proposed. Simulation results are presented, that illustrate the success of the process to determine the correct azimuth and elevation angles of signal wavefronts impinging on a special L-shape antenna array, consisting of two array branches placed on x and y axes.

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The quality factor, Q, fo r a number of configurations of a microstrip antenna is evaluated using exact and approximate quality-factor formulas found in the literature. A number of slits parallel to the radiating edges are used to miniaturize the microstrip antenna's size. The microstrip antenna in use is considered to be electrically small accord ing to Wheeler's electrically small antenna definition. The Q fo r each configuration is numerically evaluated using the given expressions, fo r simulated and measured data , and is compared to the Chu lower bound. There is good agreement between the results, while the Q lower fundamental limitation is not violated. Despite the size reduction, satisfying radiation efficiency is achieved , and the radiation pattern remains unchanged.