Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000.Approved for public release; further dissemination unlimited. @ Sandia National LaboratoriesIssued by Sandia National Laboratories, operated for the United States Department of Energy by Sandia Corporation. NOTICE:This report was prepared a s an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, nor any of their contractors, subcontractors, or their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government, any agency thereof, or any of their contractors or subcontractors. The views and opinions expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government, any agency thereof, or any of their contractors.Printed in the United States of America. This report has been reproduced directly from the best available copy. This report provides a summary of the LDRD project titled: Electromagnetic impulse radar for the detection of underground structures. The project met all its milestones even with a tight two year schedule and total funding of $400 k. The goal of the LDRD was to develop and demonstrate a ground penetrating radar (GPR) that is based on high peak power, high repetition rate, and low center frequency impulses. The idea of this LDRD is that a high peak power, high average power radar based on the transmission of short impulses can be utilized effect can be utilized for ground penetrating radar. This direct time-domain system we are building seeks to increase penetration depth over conventional systems by using: 1) high peak power, high repetition rate operation that gives high average power, 2) low center frequencies that better penetrate the ground, and 3) short duration impulses that allow for the use of downward looking, low flying platforms that increase the power on target relative to a high flying platform. Specifically, chirped pulses that are a microsecond in duration require (because it is difficult to receive during transmit) platforms above 150 m (and typically 1 km) while this system, theoretically could be at 10 m above the ground. The power on target decays with distance squared so the ability to use low flying platforms is crucial to high penetration. Clutter is minimized by time gating the surface clutter return. Short impulses also allow gating (out) the coupling of the transmit and receive antennas.
Repetitive pulsed power has been pursued at a moderate level for decades, yet in a sense it is still a young and growing discipline. This implies that it is still on the fast portion of its growth curve. The 90s were a relatively quiet decade, but customer interest is growing again, and with it comes new demands on the technology. Orders of magnitude advances will be needed over the next ten years. Fortunately, there is the potential for improvements of that order because of the relative immaturity of the technology. This paper discusses some of that potential. It does not attempt to provide a complete overview of the possibilities. Rather it attempts to identify a few areas where large growth seems likely over the next decade and to highlight the drivers for substantial breakthroughs.
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