Voltammetry is an important electrochemical technique which is used extensively to solve problems in many areas of chemistry. Since the method is based on the use of current-potential-time curves, voltammetric instrumentation is highly suited to computer based forms of technology. In this article, an overview of existing hardware and software that have been used to facilitate improvements in computer based voltammetric instrumentation is provided. it is concluded on the basis of this survey that developments to date in the use of computer based technology have been conservative relative to those in spectroscopic forms of instrumentation. Consequently, it is postulated that a new generation of more "intelligent" voltammetric instruments would become available immediately if the full power of presently available digital hardware and software were to be implemented as has been the case with some other forms of instrumentation.
Polymerization of 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene (isoprene), initiated by titanium chloride in combination with trifluoro- and trichloroacetic acid and their t-butyl esters as coinitiators, was studied in benzene, 1,2-dichlorobenzene and heptane at 20 °C. Curves of the dependence polymerization rate vs coinitiator concentrations exhibit in the first two media a minimum and a maximum, those in heptane exhibit an inflex only. This is due to the fact that the acids and the esters are partly consumed to carboxylate TiCl4 and to form mono- and dicarboxylates of titanium chloride. Other products are either HCl or the corresponding alkylchlorides whose co-catalytic activity is very low. It follows from kinetic data and from electric conductivity and infrared spectra measurements that active centers in the polymerization are complexes of oligoesters of halogenoacetic acids with TiCl4 and its carboxylates, in which the ester bond is either considerably polarized or dissociated. Free ions are formed during the polymerization, too, contributing to changes of electric conductivity; however, they do not influence the polymerization rate directly.
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