Climate change has become the main focus of the world which caused various negative impacts throughout the earth. Carbon dioxide is one of the greenhouse gases that effect on climate change and environmental pollution. One of the promising opportunities to reduce CO2 emissions in the atmosphere is bio fixation by microalgae. Many species of microalgae have the ability to capture carbon dioxide as its carbon source for the photosynthetic process. This research aimed to cultivate many species of microalgae in the carbon dioxide incubator and study its CO2 bio-fixation capability. Microscopic analysis was occurred to identify microalgae morphology. The optical density measured representing growth rate of microalgae. Tetraselmis sp. and Navicula sp. are suitable for CO2 biofixaton due to the good adaptation to the existence of CO2 in the medium.
The use of fish waste as raw material in producing gelatin becomes important when it is related to the halal perspective. Sea bass skin contains high protein, especially collagen protein which can be used as the main component of edible film. An edible film made from gelatin of fish skin usually lacks water vapour transmission due to its hydrophilic properties. Modification of formula in producing an edible film from fish gelatin with the addition of lipid such palmitic acid (PA treatment) and soybean protein isolate (SPI treatment) can affect the characteristics of the edible film resulted. This study was aimed to evaluate the chemical (solubility, water vapour permeability) and physical characteristics (thickness, tensile strength, per cent elongation, SEM) of an edible film made from gelatin with the addition of palmitic acid and soybean protein isolate with different concentration. The results showed that edible films with SPI addition yield the best film thickness (<2.5 mm) while PA addition resulted in better tensile strength of the films (>3.92 MPa) according to the Japanese Industrial Standard. The per cent elongation of both films with PA (21.3-34.44%) and SPI (36.06-117.53%) addition decreased with increasing concentration, but SPI generally gave higher elongation compared to PA. The addition of SPI gave lower solubility and higher water vapour transmission values compared to PA, however, the addition of 4.5% of PA gave the lowest water vapour transmission (5.416 g/m2 h). Therefore, the best treatment in this study was concluded to be 4% of SPI addition based on the best thickness, per cent elongation, water vapour transmission and solubility results.
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