The human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) is the oncogenic virus associated with Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) and lymphoproliferative disorders, namely, primary effusion lymphoma and multicentric Castleman’s disease. KS is among the most common malignancies seen in HIV-infected patients despite the decreased incidence of KS in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy. Advances in molecular pathology reveal HHV-8 tumorigenesis is mediated through molecular mimicry wherein viral-encoded proteins can activate several cellular signaling cascades while evading immune surveillance. This knowledge has led to the evolution of multiple therapeutic strategies against specific molecular targets. Many such therapeutic modalities have shown activity, but none have proven to be curative. Identifying possible prognostic factors is another active area of research. This review summarizes the recent developments in the fields of virus transmission, molecular biology, and treatment of HHV-8-related neoplasms.
HIV-1-infected persons have increased risk of serious non-AIDS events (SNAEs) despite suppressive antiretroviral therapy. Increased circulating levels of soluble CD14 (sCD14), soluble CD163 (sCD163), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) at a single time point have been associated with SNAEs. However, whether changes in these biomarker levels predict SNAEs in HIV-1-infected persons is unknown. We hypothesized that greater decreases in inflammatory biomarkers would be associated with fewer SNAEs. We identified 39 patients with SNAEs, including major cardiovascular events, end stage renal disease, decompensated cirrhosis, non-AIDS-defining malignancies, and death of unknown cause, and age- and sex-matched HIV-1-infected controls. sCD14, sCD163, and IL-6 were measured at study enrollment (T1) and proximal to the event (T2) or equivalent duration in matched controls. Over ∼34 months, unchanged rather than decreasing levels of sCD14 and IL-6 predicted SNAEs. Older age and current illicit substance abuse, but not HCV coinfection, were associated with SNAEs. In a multivariate analysis, older age, illicit substance use, and unchanged IL-6 levels remained significantly associated with SNAEs. Thus, the trajectories of sCD14 and IL-6 levels predict SNAEs. Interventions to decrease illicit substance use may decrease the risk of SNAEs in HIV-1-infected persons.
Aim and Objective-The clinical study was undertaken to evaluate the diagonal ear lobe crease (Frank sign) as an indicator of Chronic heart disease (CHD). However, there are certain studies have not found any correlation between Frank sign and CHD.Material and Method -Total of 10 patients aged >40years were enrolled in this study with prior medical history of heart disease. Patient with anatomical obliteration of ear excluded from the study. All the selected patient was initially screened and findings were recorded in patient Performa. Date were recorded, tabulated and analysed by using descriptive analysis for responses to each question.Result-DELC is observed in 80% of subjects with heart disease. The most frequently bilateral DELC is observe in 70% of subjects and without DELC in 20% of subjects. The mean age is within the range of 30-70 years. Unilateral and bilateral DELC was more among subject less than 50 years.
Conclusion-DELC is uncommon and has a prevalence of correlation with CHD as indicated in the present study. It is suggested that DELC examination be recommended for detecting underlying heart disease.
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