This paper presents an advanced pantograph-catenary-vehicle-track model, which allows us to analyze the vertical dynamics of the complete system. The developed model is able to evaluate the displacements and the contact force generated in the catenary-pantograph as well as the wheel-track interactions. Nevertheless, this paper focuses on the possible influence of track irregularities on the catenary-pantograph dynamic interaction. From a power spectral density function of the track irregularities, 180 track profiles and their respective catenary-pantograph-vehicle-track simulations have been generated. The wide range of results allows us to obtain some conclusions about the influence of the track profile in the catenary-pantograph behavior.
We fabricated a dense, bulk (Bi-2223) bar by sinter forging. The bar exhibited excellent phase purity and strong texture of the c axes preferentially aligned parallel to the forging direction. Elastic constants were obtained at room temperature; one elastic constant was also measured to . Bi-2223 proved to be stiffer than .
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