Purpose
The objective of this study is to understand the linkages among executive compensation, corporate governance and performance of the Indian family and non-family firms. Further, the study also analyzes the level of shareholding pattern of the Indian family firms on their performance and the executive compensation.
Design/methodology/approach
The authors have collected panel data of the companies listed on the National Stock Exchange of India Limited. The data set consists of 284 companies (both family and non-family) for the period 2005–2014. The authors have made use of a dynamic panel data model with generalized method of moments (GMM) estimation to formulate the hypotheses and used fixed-effects regression model to check the robustness of our findings.
Findings
The authors find support for the agency theory, stewardship theory and resource dependence theory in the paper. Specifically, variables related to executive compensation, corporate governance (board size, proportion of independent directors on board, chief executive officers duality and other directorships held by the executive directors outside the company), firm performance (Tobin’s Q), leverage and shareholding pattern of the family are significant in this study.
Practical implications
The study has practical implications for all stakeholders of the family and non-family firms, especially in the emerging market economies. It can be used as a reference guide by various other stakeholders of the family firms, viz., customers, educators, tax authorities, government and society.
Originality/value
The authors confirm that their research is original and provides valuable insights on the Indian family firms. The authors study cross-holding of directorships, inter alia, in the Indian family business groups. As most of the previous studies in the Indian context ignored this important aspect, this study is unique in nature.
The present study is an attempt to assess the ‘probability of incurring loss’ of manufacturing firms in India during different phases of business cycles. We use data on a sample of 87 manufacturing companies for the period from 2002 to 2014 (comprising 1131 firm years). We use the panel logit model with the dependent variable derived from the return on assets to empirically test the hypothesis. Besides, we use firm-specific variables and macroeconomic variables as independent variables in the model. Firm-specific variables, namely size of the firm and interest coverage ratio and macroeconomic variables namely exchange rate, bank credit, inflation, interest rate and index of industrial production are statistically significant in predicting the probability of incurring loss of the firms during the study period. The results are important for investors, corporate houses, managers, lenders, policymakers and the research community as business cycles have a visible impact on all functional areas of an organization. Our study assumes significance because of the importance of macroeconomic variables in the strategic decision-making of the corporate sector in general and manufacturing firms in particular.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.