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This study was designed to test the hypothesis that daily spontaneous running (DSR) reduces measures of heart rate and blood pressure variability in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). After 8 weeks of DSR or sedentary control, rats were chronically instrumented with arterial catheters. Daily exercise reduced most measures of heart rate (HR) and blood pressure variability. Specifically DSR decreased heart rate, Low Frequency Power (LF: 0.19-0.61 Hz), and Low Frequency/High Frequency (HF: 1.2-2.5 Hz) ratio of HR. Furthermore, Total Power (TP), LF power, and LF/HF ratio of systolic blood pressure were reduced by daily spontaneous running. Finally, TP, LF and HF powers and LF/HF ratios of diastolic blood pressure were reduced by daily spontaneous running. These data demonstrate that daily exercise reduces sympathetic activity and possibly increases cardiac reserve in hypertensive animals.

Background: This study was conducted to compare the linear dimensional accuracy of die materials before and after disinfection of the impression. Type IV and V conventional dental stone, type IV-resin impregnated and copper-plated die materials were studied.

Aim:The aim of the study was to compare and evaluate the clinical efficacy of a microfilled pit and fissure sealant and a nanofilled pit and fissure sealant at 3, 6, and 12 months of interval. Materials and methods: Samples consisting of 55 healthy 8-to 12-year-old children with deep pits and fissures in mandibular first permanent molars were selected for the study. It was a split mouth design and randomized clinical trial. A total of 110 mandibular first molars were divided into two groups of 55 each: group I Fissurit FX sealant and group II Grandioseal nanofilled fissure sealant. The sealed teeth were clinically evaluated at 3, 6, and 12 months of interval to assess marginal adaptation, sealant retention, fissure caries development, roughness of sealant surface, and change of color around the sealant. Results: The results showed that both Fissurit FX and Grandioseal pit and fissure sealants were effective in preventing dental caries. Marginal adaptation was significantly better with Fissurit FX when compared to Grandioseal pit and fissure sealant. There was no difference in sealant retention between the two groups. The surface roughness of Fissurit FX was high when compared to that of Grandioseal. Statistical analysis was done using the Chi-squared test for intra-group comparison and Fisher's exact test for inter-group comparison. Results were considered statistically significant if p ≤ 0.05. Conclusion: Fissurit FX and Grandioseal pit and fissure sealants provided similar caries preventive effects and there was no difference in retention of sealants over a period of 1 year. However, surface roughness was better with Grandioseal fissure sealants. Clinical significance: This study is significant because there is limited evidence about the efficacy of nanofilled pit and fissure sealants in vivo . It will also provide dental practitioners an insight into the clinical efficacy of nanofilled pits and fissure sealant when compared to micro-filled sealant enabling them to make the right choice for the betterment of their dental practice.

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In 1813 Gantzer described 2 accessory muscles in the human forearm which bear his name, accessory head of flexor digitorum profundus and accessory head of flexor pollicis longus. The less frequently observed was accessory head of flexor digitorum profundus and hence this study was conducted. Materials and Methods: 25 formalin-fixed cadavers (50 upper limbs) were dissected as per the standard methods. Detailed study of origin, insertion of accessory heads of flexor digitorum profundus muscle and various other parameters were recorded. Results: Two out of fifty upper limbs (4%) were observed to have accessory head of flexor digitorum profundus. Origin and insertion of each case was different but all got its innervation through direct branch from Median nerve. Conclusion: Accessory heads of flexor digitorum profundus may cause various syndromes and its knowledge of existence is important for surgeons operating in forearm. KEY WORDS: Accessory head of flexor digitorum profundus, pronator teres, coronoid process of ulna, median nerve, ulnar artery, carpal tunnel syndrome.

World Health Organization (WHO) defines sudden death as "deaths within 24 hours from the onset of the symptoms". It is also defined as death which is sudden, unexpected, clinically unexplained, or otherwise obscure even though there needs to be no unnatural element in their causation. Patients with neoplastic diseases, especially malignancies, are at greatly elevated risk of sudden death, because they may suffer from a variety of neoplasms. Majority of neoplasm-related sudden deaths (NSDs) are caused by neoplasm's affecting critical organs such as the heart and brain. Objectives: To study the different histomorphological neoplastic lesions of heart in sudden deaths. Materials and Methods: A total of 1500 hearts were studied. All the sudden deaths which happened in hospital from 1997 to 2016 were included in the study. Result: In 20 years (1997-2016) nearly 1500 hearts were studied for sudden deaths in our institute. In our autopsy series, only secondary cardiac tumours were seen in 05 cases and caused sudden Ischemic heart disease were reported in 250 (17%) cases and left ventricular hypertrophy in 145(9.60%) cases. Altogether hypertensive heart diseases contributed about 26% of total sudden deaths. Recommendation: A routine health check up of the people after 40 years along with conducting system is need of the hour.