Host–guest interactions mediate many chemical and biochemical transformations and are extensively exploited in a number of industrially-relevant chemical processes. Many porous inorganic (e.g., zeolite) and molecular (e.g., metal-organic framework) hosts engage reagents in their environment through selective host–guest interactions. While researchers frequently capitalize on host–guest interactions to sequester chemical species or to catalyze reactions, these interactions can also be used to direct nanomaterial synthesis. In this Perspective we highlight the promise and opportunities for harnessing host–guest interactions to control the structure and dimensionality of materials. We focus our discussion on emerging strategies in soft chemistry and promising new directions which use porous ionic solids to direct the growth of complex nanoscale dimers and Janus nanoparticles.
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